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1 
Ҵоѣ֮˯ǰƺֶ˼ֺ⡣ 
Ҳѹ֣ľƴյСݡ硰СĴ̶ֳȵĲѾǲҪˡԳسЦȴ˲ǰɴŤףʹ졣 
⣬°ȵعҹȴ˯⡣֪Ĵİɶ紵֨֨졣ͻȻͬĺ⣬ΪүʱӦŽȵڻŴһԻŸѾߡ 
Աȶɵ԰żѰҹ﷢Ǳɩ߶ˣʱ߳ϹߵǾ䣬 
˼ܲǸ취ץǼİӴϣ뷴ܹ䣬ȥ͸͸ɡ 
סԺƽµ۾ûʲô˾ҹʱ֡ 
ʯ̾ͳɵСżĥƵ׵Ь˫ʹڡ 
̾һһʯ£ȺǶţʱʱ࣬˺յĶ⡣ʱʣΪںҵˣΪʲôǵñӲбԴɡ 
Ҹʣʲôʣõġɩľĺð׵һˣ٣޹ѹңẦˡ 
֮ʣͻȻЩϤµ죬ΪƫƫԶδ޼ӲﶯþΪ 
ҵӲ̫Сûеж຦£˹ȥ 
ǿЩ˸ߵĲݣŸˡ 
¹ɫ԰ףϵģСһ˺ۣӳڵšע⵽ѪһͷƤ顣 
ûôȥעĳ࣬ǿ˫ӣ˵ҰޣسȴβסβĻſ֡ 
Ͼûٰ򣬵һζǰءϸ賤Щ 
ǱѹˣƤˣҲ˼ֽģҿЩӣٳ¶һЦʲôˣôŵģرһϽôģ 
ЩɻҲˣݺݵңһһ 
ȳҲ˾ռߣνʼ磬ͻȻ֣ҽҲѪûɺԵʱ򣬿˵òᡣһƵԶиͦҿȴҲЩǡνòҽϰ˵ңҲ֪ˡƿǰЩүҩҼһֱûá˿̣˱ҸҪҲ˲ۣ¾䣬ҡܡ 
ʱߵҲֻܹԹԴԭĽ˿ûмʡ 
һҩ˿ϵҲǼ£ȴֻй¶ļɻұ£ֻµǿǸɾġһµʱ˼ұȥˡʶҲûľһңİӶҲûҪˡ 
ҾСĵظ˿ϵҲ١ıĵƼ˽˵ʹ 
ЦŸӦûֹѪֹʹɡ 
ƢĲãлһȻͨ籨ŹˣʵذʲôպУѪֹ 
ڿʼӣٶŵӢͦġպġҲӦҲһֱסڸУΪʲôȴδͦҵӣԼΪ˾ѹ׵ıˣͦܡǱ⣬˵ʲôѽ˭ͨ籨ţΪʲôҪţûУûУ 
˳ԾҽŽɵı飬㣬֪˭ 
ҡͷԼΪʲôᶼ̽ƾʲôʱˡ 
ң 
ҵͷͶ۾ֱҲԼĴĨû͸ûһ˿Цˡ 
ǰһֱᣬڿʱ仹ЩܳĴƮƮʣһܰʲô 
ʲôǵһӸоӿһһǽ޿κεĿӰˡɣӲȥңҾ֪ƴӵҲͽͣ⺮Ǹˡ 
㷸ʲôЩ档ǴҾסĴһѣҲ˼ӣԺ죬Щڵ״Ƿˡ 
Ҫʹպɡ˵ҧгݣųĳ޻𻨰һ 
ߺֻһ뵽ԼĴֺƶܹͷɥϣҲ޻˵߰ɣҪǱ˷֣ǻǣġҲûƴ٣ԱΪء 
شţҿֻһˣ˺ۣҲ֣ͬӺסһ뿪ȥĻû𣿡 
֪һҶƴˣȴҲġ˫ֽ߬һѲݣߺ֮࣬һʹ 
ҿıһ࣬ʵͲסˡһʹܴܲһ· 
 
ȥ 
ʵҲǺаܾμꡣ鷿Ļ̳и˽ĶǺ⺮ˣʱ̸͵ġЩʱˣҲ֪סûС 
һ£ҷЩڻݲ﷭ҡû뵽ҵˡ˵λǽǷ򣬵ȥ¡̰µĳڣʱǾƵĵˡ룬Ǳλүˡ 
ȥ֪ͨλԳպ꣬ݣʱҷǰĵʣƣֻȥûϵ𣿡 
ֻҪһҾҪһأ˲ٿ࣬ҶЩˣ㲻𣿡 
ҡͷǸģҪˣҼôˡҵȾƵ常ĵӡһ˫ûټһĵá 
㣮Ҳͦѵġң˳ҲǴͬ 
ѧɬЦЦһǾɩġ 
æΪҲǴҩʱֻߺˣʱȴЩʪ 
ѵػһЦߴ٣ϧʱˣ߰ɣౣء 
ǣҪȥͻȻ뵽ʲôֻתңҶʲô 
΢ûգ˶ôеġ 
΢ҽкӢҲġ 
仰ʧҵСЩͬʱҲԸӳɹ 
2 
طѽΪֵĸ˯ˡ 
˯ûҶã߾һĳӡ 
ۣͷʹ 
ƺڴ⣬û뵽ƽ岻õԺӣôˡ 
΢ϴһ£ܳȥٸõĻԺҶȫССԺ﷭Ѱʲô 
ɩ֪ʱҡͷʾʲôҪʡ 
ʵԼҲ֪ѵʲôصͷȥ 
ѰֹԺǶѲѰѪÿ˵ӣȴһǺڣԺеµ۶ڿյϡ 
ܹܴһš 
лأŵҪȴ򶨡 
ܹңüͷһԴšҰԸԼֻҪϾͺˡ 
ܹ߸ߴĻԺ˸ƣǻԺǰһץס˫硣һǹģһʹҲҺ 
΢㻰ˣҪһٻ٬ӾͱҪˡܹ˵ 
ҵͷҿĺܹ¶Цݣ㣬ҹ㶼ڸʲô 
˯żϵľʹҼֲ˵ʵ飬ֲɵΪηһʱʹʵгʵ飬ǵȴҵĽֹĿѡ 
ûʲôʲôˣ 
ûУˣͷ˯һҹδѡʵǿδʲô˵ᵽɤˡȴϡ 
ģܹܴＷ֣ңǻԺ־ҲϵؼӴ롣 
۵ֱðҲʪ˺ô󾢲żģģġ 
ߣѿҲ˵ѷɡܹ˵ûڶ࿴һۣǱȥ뼴ԺİݺˤڵϣҲ̫ӳɡ 
ǵıӰһʹļ̲ס¶ӹһٵ΢Ц 
Щ죬үʹ̶Եúܼ꣬ԾæѰ,ҲǸĻˡϾҰ鲻ҪǺ⺮ո̫̫ȥԷˣҵ˶ڣоɡ 
ֻûܳãܹܽȥ˵ҪˣҪҰԺ䶼ɨɾҿеɨѣ﷢ 
ôĵضң߰˸ԺҪôɨ 
СǶһ͵ЦЩԮС 
һʱ䣬ֱڲűͷصСѣԵڲôʵĴϣôҲ 
ЩǣŭҪĿˣǣĻƽֶһûüƽã̫ˣδܹең㱻ȥ 
ʱ򣬹ﶼ͸䣬˭ƱˡͷʮӲˣҲûʲôʳκأоЩ̡ 
΢Сôءɩ죬ϴɾˣ˵ˣæأȱ˲ˮġ 
һһģȴҲ͵ϴ˳ȥ 
ܽһǿͷۣǸ̬Ӹ̬үŸķ˺ʵĺӡ 
ҾԭҪЩʱŻĺ⺮մʱȴʱ⻹Ц 
﷢ëҲһʱΣûȣ˵ȥ 
3 
ڰһ˫֣ḧҵĶͷģδȡ 
ҽ˫ۣЩϤҲͣ۰ϸѣЦˣˡˣ 
ΧüˣˣǽĿˡһܣ˲ҵӣĺƴԵ 
ͻȻгְүһȴһ˫ȴůס㲡úأºúϢɡ΢ֵϣҼδĴ顣 
һˣͽҽ˷ģǺաүô˵ 
˲ֹβ˶һġҽ˵ҵʱЦġ 
⺢ϢһɣҼүƢǲᶪܵġ 
Ҳ˵һǽˣҪȻүҵ˲Цŵͷǡ 
Ǿð΢СɣҲûʲôˣҽɡ 
ҪݺŮָĴУůůġ 
Ҳˡ˵ǸݰףŨü۵꣬ҲһϣҲǽҽĶӰɡ 
⣮̫ðɣӸյ£үɫԽѿ 
ƫҪԭӣѹֺصҵˣЩηرۡ 
ȥɡС硣 
õġգЦš 
ΪижĪ 
ܿټֻʣңӶѡ 
ղɫ׿أĪ£ҵҽʲôҽáұϵĴأδŵصŻѽεģС磬ǽʲô 
΢΢ұů޹Щѣˣˣûдҡ 
СҲаͬ£Щشҡ 
΢Ǳҵ΢΢˼һСϰͬΪӵᲢۡԴɬ˵ţԼܾűԼûٵˣҪ˵ɵĲûȷ˼ƭ˵ġ 
΢Ҳܺ㳤ÿʶ׳ĻӺļƵչ¶΢ЦЦΰ롣 
΢磬ˣһɡвסһҵͷҺ࣬ȴ᲻ֺͷĿоطͷȴ̻̺ۼ 
԰԰һ档СŮӵĻӸ 
ţϣĿһʱС 
ҽѣʮĸͷںĹҴδӵõĻ䡣 
²ƺϣ㵸ΪҿƴŬס 
ǳ̲ߣִҪ˳ƺִҵˮĳ档 
ÿһЦÿһ֣ԭҰ׵ʻɫʡ 
ֻǶʱ䣬ǵģͬӵݣ˵ˣ⺮Ƕҡ 
ҳڶʵ֪ƣԴ°Ρ 
ȷǶݵģǻѵģҲվˡ 
[sell=4] ҲΪҪߵҲ׺ΪͻȻֵúϣ뿪 
ȴ֪Ľҽүңȴ֪Ϊ⵽˾ܾ 
ֻһ֪ҵʱﱾΪ˵ķߺ޺ԭ֮ȼͣ޷ƽϢܻطﱾϡٵĶſڴͷһҹʱӻùȥ֮⣬Ҳûбģ 
΢磬أ죬ɩҹΪµޡ 
ԶԣЦȴȿ޻ѿ 
һġҽԼϲĶʯ͸˰ժ²ҴϣҪŶ 
һʱеǸһԾ磬λҲɣĸ˲ӿ 
ʱ䲻ˣ߰ɡǵļ磬¶ͰȴԴ΢Ц 
ǷӲؽ̽ 
ˣ糾͵뿪ضǷ糾ķֱҵǸԺ˸ڡ 
Ҳǵģź 
˺ϰؿɡ 
ӣŪáŷ򣬱ӡ 
ٷȥرǺ˭ǿӦΣķѾȥȫ 
⺮ղȥ˽棬ү˺ǵҪڲӰ챾Ļ 
ܿȴûվ˵ɩΪ̾Ϣѹһӡ 
Ϊɲ߶ѡ 
Ϣʱ䣬ܱŻҿ಻ԣеĿҵҲɡ 
ֻһҵԹߡǵĸҲǸĿʶĴˣӵʮհ׻ָ׿ԽĲǲܵģյ֪ʶˡ 
Ȼ¡һŵԣȴûټȻҲǡ 
һѰȴֳ·״̬һһεţҶԼǺµʵҲľˡ 
4 
ү 
ߴܹİĻֻһ£ּɨҵԺӡ 
ڽæµšаۣҪء 
ϢʱЩЦĺ⣬̾Ϣҡͷĺ⣬аۣ͢ҲǺڰÿˡ 
үʹ̿ɲô룬ϵԹѣҶЩ˷ܾΪӾ˸һְٰڿнڴҫĲˡ 
˸һиһ䣬˸ʯױɨ£ϣůڵġ 
΢ 
˽ңתͷЦˣҦү 
Ҧүһǰסҵġҳ˶ꡣǴ֮ӣֻʣһˡ 
ΪµĹϵûкеļ񣬴ºͶСҲүͼһҵжд̣෴أ˵ô͡Ҷ͵Ľ䱸ȫɲó 
Ҷæ㲻ȥ𣿡¡ 
һҪɨüԺӣǽҰæҲԹ˲ϾˡȻػӦеԼˡҪС˵־׼ҷθ 
"΢ر𡣡 
Ҳ֪ͻȻðһ䣬ȥȴԶ˼Цôһ㹤𣿡 
ҡͷʲôȴ׽Ц飬ɵЩҦүҡ 
ûаɣѵЦţҿǿæһ죬رЩ伢˵ӻóһС򿪣Ǹʽ⡣ 
Ÿ㣬ʶЩʧ̬ʱͨ졣 
԰ɣǸ׼ġ 
ллҦүͳԵĲͷһأһʼһ᲻˼ƾܣǳȻˡ 
캮ءЩ̾˵ţǴɣܾ¡ 
ǰɡҵȻػӦ 
΢ϲ𣿡ʡ 
νѡ 
ǲֶܾԼų⣮΢΢סӵǿ϶Ļؼʧȥǻ춼˸һڣżҲɣ˵ 
Ҳ̧ͷį񣬿ɬЦѹأô˵ЩѰο 
һʱҲ֪룬ֱԼӦ˵ЩʲôǸ̻ذɣ 
ӦõذɡüңҲɾԼ޴ÿԡͻȻԼСģָо˰ģǿţţԡҴ˿ǿܾҦүҲһҪһҲ˾ͻЩҲ 
ǣѵЩεЦˣ΢ܱ׾ϡ 
ף 
ΪһЩԵĻοҡ 
ߣԶԣ޲üжꡣ 
̻𰡣Ҳɣ˵һ𿴰ɡһƽյţһСҵƤգۡ 
 
һ𿴣סǸԺӣ٣һܿЩЩ˷Ҳ֪ξܾ 
Ҧү 
ôˣ뷨ӴϯϣҲҿ͵ɢ 
Լ֮վЦδʣĺڴءûһش𣬱С뿪ˡ 
ʧķ̾˿ɴɵƣƵҳɼܾýҦүܲһ㡣 
֪ЦվȼʵĻ£˸ŵĺĹ󲻿ĺÿһʱסˡ 
վҵӶ̺ˡ°ɣҸ˺Щġǰң֪ΰ쵽ģеǡôĴ¶ӡ̽ƤڵѪҺ 
еϰɡ 
ǹϣЩѵȴͻȶա 
Ϊǰæ˵ĽԺҸеҦү֡ 
ֿʼˡỽȷһͷ̻ţҳӣԾ 
Һʶ˰΢ 
Ҧүʲô 
ô֪δĵ̻㺳ˡ 
޴˶壬֪̬Ӧ 
΢ƽҵģҵĳĬš 
ҦүţѰЩĴʻ㣬Ҽɬ˵ţȴͻأشϡ 
Ϊʲôʡ 
üЩɻ󣬡Ҧүö֣࣬ЦȴԵ̾һЭҦү˺ܺѽҲңңչң 
΢ˣǸţ༰Ĵϡ 
ҰĲֹʵش¾ʮˡ 
ǾͿ˵˰ɡǶ˵ 
˵ʲôͷȴͻȻҿ 
΢ҲǸˡҦүִҵһֻ֣ǡȴȶȣҴãֻңںңڲ֪ң 
Ϊʲôֵ¶ͻȻ£Щˡ 
Ϊʲôɵ΢ѽߺЦţӳ¾ϸеָĩˣ˱һ¡ 
ΪȻսЩëƺЩЩĵ׶ѾۣҦүһػ뻽ӡǸ 
΢ϲ㡣ʵĻ𻨱һָ߳ӳҦүЩۡ 
ӿЩͷȴץΣҦүһʹұֱֱ˵ϡ 
Ҿȣ˿ľҦүࡣ 
ұţʪȵĿǻ̵Цƫƫ˱ҵĴȴġ 
ʲô״ҼȱĴԣֱ粻 
һЪҴڴоҦүȫıѹƣˡ 
΢ϲ㣬һһֱõġҦү˵š 
·ŤбЩɪһ¡ŵϣΥ͵ĸоҺܲ 
ǣٴ뷴ֿƽͨҦүʱȴúˡǣǹɵָ¸ס߳ܵĲ֡ЩɬʹȴҲĿ⡣˵ѵŤһӣ䷢һ 
ɢǼԺΪѣζ 
絽֪絽޾Ļһֱ˽ѨָϮһ䣬 
ҵȴӼʹʱҲŷָ뿪Ĳûҵ塣 
ҼУƴ 
ȴסҵ죬Ժ˺ʹڶһһķϲ㣬һõģ 
ʹľܵҲһһγ壬ҽûĻ 
5 
΢رҾ޷ӣ֪Уϡ 
鸡˼Ҧүô˵ţҪӦȴЩѣž뵡ӣ巢ԼϵıʣȴͽȻ 
̻ͣˣǿɢˣҴطұֻŵ£·ʱоЩֵֹģʹȴӲá 
ҷӲָʵĴϣСο˼䣬ʲôûôЩȥע⣮ִҵһӲȻɿδ壬ֻͷЩʧ䡣 
һҹҪҺúϢˡ 
˯ţȴƣЩʲôϲһޡ 
죬еĻҪɣЩ̣˵Ժӣɨ 
ƣ壬жûɩ˲ԾɻĶһͻȻЩŭĵһۣת뿪ˡ 
﷢ëܾ֪ʲôȴǲʳڡ 
ʱһصϢϾȫǳԵģҩҾ֪ҦүΪ 
Լܶͣʧһ磬ܵĹػɱЩᣮ 
ҹһʵģбʵĴڣҲĺܣϲҦүİɣΪն̫ʱﻹϻһϲҡ 
˼ˣΪЦ 
ӻĹȴ˸ܵүˡ 
ỽţ屻ҡΣûڵҦүһССĽУܵı 
ҹҦү͵͵˵ԺӣƾɵӣĲҪӵӣ 
§ң˵һЩҵ黰Ҳһʼգȴ˵ˣÿÿԸһ£ӵһԲ 
һӣµԵ˼ 
ҧҧһǾһ¡Ҧүǲ£ 
ңûзϣֻǵЦˡ 
ܸ˵𣿡ʣܾò̫ 
ʱͬ㽲̾ϢһЩɵĴҡ 
й𣿡üֱие 
Сɵϣˡüģһǡ 
ϾҪ𣿡ɪһӣܲ˵ָоҲ̫û˵ϲ 
㲻ϣ𣿿ǲУᱻֵġЦȻɿ¡ 
ҿıӰſڣͻȻҦү 
ͷңΪ𲻹ĹϵӰЩģϲ㡣Ҷ˵ֻ˵ŵζʲôҲ֪ˡ 
ûлӦֱԺƺһ˯ȻľŴϵ 
ůӽˣҲ֪ҹôˣעţþòܻ 
ɨԺӣԶԶЩЦԺֻү̫̫͹ᾭں棬ҿһۡ 
ǺպһŮӣŮӣˮƻûжĵĸоȴֻóϣĺ 
ɵǣҲڿң˵ʲôҲ²ǺûЦò̫ӣͻȻЩ 
һͷվǺҦүҿŹСǣǺŮӺ߰Ҧү 
ʲôͷ壬ȴӲȥ 
΢㿴ʲôأ 
һվɩ̬Һ䵭кҲǲջ˵Щܳˣûʲô 
΢ǰܵĿ࣬ȴǵĿԡΪʲôƫƫҦүʲô㡣ЩɵѾһ˿á 
ֱ׵ĻҴһֲִҿʲôҲˣȴָеίίԼһʼʲôҲû˵ʲôĿģǺۿ 
ң̾Ϣĺѽ֪Ů˭ 
ҡͷȴܵز֪ 
ҦүδޣͶ˵ģվҪ顣ɩҵġ 
ʹҲŸ϶ҵϲҦүġ˵ϲҵģɩ˵ǶԼ˵Ѿֲˡ 
ô˵ѡŮӣѡ㡣 
ɩĻʧķ˹ȥɩĻ֪⣬ҦүԻش 
ҦүһҦүͣ˽ŲƫƫȻͷҵȴδޡ 
΢ѽʲôҡ 
ҵȴҦүֱıл㡣 
΢ȥ˵Ǻ⣬ңȴеʾζҶСûøУԲ⣬ǼҦү 
΢ȥ 
ɩ˵λСδޣģʣźպһŮӲмĿ⡣ 
ܶң 
𣿡Ҳֻ֪ͣҪ𰸡 
΢ôĵӣӵ£ܹʵģ㲻ǰɣһԺߡָ 
֪ĵӣ˵̫͸ޣҲûˣûж 
Сգ¡΢ȥɨǵˡ˵ 
Щ֣ڰҡΪʲôҲףҲûб˼ȥףط֣֪Ҧү֮顣 
Ҧүֻ 
Ҿͳס 
Ļش𣬻ʼδҵӣ˺յЦͻȻʶҺҦү£Ҳ˳ 
תˣŶӣǱصҵСԺصҵСݣ뵽ЦҴſǻ˳ 
6 
ҹϣҦү˵ЩյĻǲʣٻţںҵģ 
ǣûУʲôҲûС 
۵ҪҲƣҪȴ˯ľ崲ϣۣҲ޷ߡ 
˺ܶ࣬ȴ˵ףʲôû룮 
ǰҲУȴĴҲһʧ䣬Щ˵ʹ 
£Ҿǳߡ 
յķûжöˣȴҲŵɪһ󣮣ЩԱʱů⣮ҲҲҦү˦ͷҰԼûãĲٶǸ˶ˣҲѣٿԽԼ飮 
½űߵʯӣȻ˾ԵĴʯϣ£о־еϤټϲѰĻ 
ݵķѰķ̧ͷʲôҲûУٵͷԶվ˸ˣһ󾪻ţӴʯϵ 
Щǰɱڵ󡣡˻΢ 
ʶʶңü߽Ƕĳ࣬м죬ֲȫ°ɣֻ²Żһ˸ʶȴ޷϶ĸо㣮 
Ӣ,ұ仯ôҿһ۾ϳˡǵ𣿶ǰǸҹҡ߽ңֻԶ 
վһ˶壬ӢˣЦˣΪµˣò 
ĸ˺ܾãҵһֱҵˣڣʱ̵ˡ 
ü˲޵սһ£ֽɱĸоϲģ 
΢ʱͲͺҵһֽˡָЦӢԵ 
ЦܵõɹȻǸˣֻǣ˽յʹһӸ˲ 
ңֵüˣ΢ˡ 
ЩЦǰˣˡ 
Цˣ־û䡣ʶˡղţǲ𣿡 
ұ˵£ֲۣԾ÷ĿڵĲλһֱʹţ 
˭ˣ˭ˣ 
ںӢҲڿ϶Ĳ²⡣ 
Ұ㱨𣿡ң档 
Ϊ֪ģҲͬҡͷ𰡣޵ģҲʺϡƽˡֻһӣһƬ԰ӣ㹻ˡʹˣ˹ˣϣȥִš 
Щ˵ģҲȥġӢô˵ţŭȻǳҵġ 
벻ͬɡҵ˵ţҵ˼ǿ 
һӣһƬ԰𣮣ĬһͻȻôظҳ롣 
԰ǲЩɵҲ˼ʡ 
Ҵ˺ңдȥҡ 
ҡͷǰ˴ú֪ȥˣ֮󣬵ȥ֮ 
ǵʱ͸߰ɣҸӺ԰ӣңƾڵңҪĶҸˡ˵˼ 
ʹĳ⣮ 
ΪʲôãǱͬЦʵ֮󣬲Ǳ׶ҡģԣҲ֪νıܷɹȴ˵лл 
ȴǸˣֱ¶ĸˣˬʵЦ񲻽ԼĴ뱻֡ʵϣԺĽУǲᱻֵġ 
Ǿ˵ˣʱҪߡҽֻصͬո森ǣˡ 
ҵͷ泯ң˺Щ·תʹṦ뿪 
΢Ҵûǹ㡣˲ˣȴֲԶģ쵽ģ𺳣ȥ룬⻰˼ 

û뵽ԺͿҦү 
Եֹұۣ 
磡˺յ̧ͷʱֻܿҦүıͺյҵıĿ⡣ 
ȥ̾˿ 
ĻɡҦģҲʲôö 
ĻתԾںô˵ 
ʲôֻҦĶѣС£Ҳʡ˵꣬ͬҲԾƽſ֡ 
ףΪλ˵ϲС죬ҵֻ֪СͻȻ޹Уɱˣ֪ΪΣͻȻƵĺһЩԡ 
Ҧү𣮣 
ϲ㣬΢ͻȻҶૹĻʱȴ룬̶ġ 
Цȿ޻ѿЦΪȥٻص⣮ 
үʹܴ˳ƺкܶ಻飬֪Ϊ뵽˺Ӣ棬ҲıжĺЩģЩڣıǣ̫ʱӦѺӢĪǣ˵ģ 
ֻЩͽȻˡ 
ںҶԣΨһϲ£Ҧүˣǡͬϸͬһ죬˺⣬ȫæŰҦүĻ¡ 
ԭҦүȢ֪ǧĶŮΪ׸ҴͬټĻҲˡ 
Ժϣң˵ϲǺͻȻְȥ 
⣬ϣǰź컨һϲģЦˣΪҵףĵġ 
ԽԽԶȴЦˣеʹеʧ䣬Ϊĳ黳 
Ŷŵι 
http://ww3.myfreshnet.com/GB/lit ... 100049990/index.asp 
7 
û뵽Ӣܹ⵹ҿǿ󵽲ɶҡĺҡ 
үʹʱĸ꣬ʱǳյӣҺȻ뵽˺Ӣ棬뵽˳ʱҵģ뵽ÿÿȼĳޣʲôҪ 
һ죬ȷȷʵʵˡ 
ҹЩԺЩҴܳȥۿǻ⡣ 
ɫħڲԶһУ˲ҽڼ֮еĲҽ 
˺˾ʧغţ֮ʣұ˭һѡ 
ӣӰɡӲӣѽѽɩڶ 
£ˣǻţǲǿ־壬ȴҲ̫̫Ĳʡ 
Ӣ𣮣뵽 
Ϊ˳޿ǣô𣮣 
Ʋĵط壬֪˭һѣֱֱɩңȴҲһߵȻţһ˵ĽţȻ˵Ľ̤ϣʹҿɩѪ˿ԼҲ˰ɣ 
һɣţұ۾ް֪Ӣ֪Ϊĳ޶ʱһֱ飮 
΢Ҵûǹ㣮һ˿ʶصģһ仰 
΢Ҹ·˲ɩ˵ţȻûЦݣȴϵġ 
ЦŲ˹ȥȴΪȾѪ·ӲȻ󣬾ҵǰʺû 
۾ûнУûпޣĿֻźͰˣȴӡҵϣһԤУҵ֤һţɩȴҲѾ 
ˣǰߡ 
Ŷ˶壬ʹȷʵܶأ 
ˡյúܴ󣬱ҲģӢүȴ˳ߵĮǺĻҾãϣ 
ӢүҪ죬Ҹչ㣬Ȼǵĵط߶ƽ˵š 
ͻȻ뵽ӢŵҵһƬ԰ӣһСݣһֱССԸ,ͻȻһңԶĸоҳĬƬ̣ͻȻҹһУ⣬˽УƴӣȴԾ˵Щദʮǣٰɡʡ 
ߵĻشûһ˿¶ȡ 
ô 
˺Ӣ˫ӣɵô˸ 
ǿջϢգӲʹˣǾ̣Ӣүءȥ޵Եġ˵꣬ˣҵ̬ʵڳƲơ 
оֻʣһˣݶ̾˿ 
ǵʱ͸߰ɣҸӺ԰ӣңƾڵңҪĶҸˡ 
Ӣ˵Ļʱȷʵйжϸ룬Ƕݣ⻰˵ˣӡϣһҹ̬ʹ࣮ұۣűЩʹ࣬Ȼѵ 
ͷɾ·߱ģ䲻ϲңǶںӢȴ൱ҳϡ 
·Ѿϡ 
Ҫ뿪вǣںӢߣһ۾ͻῴǣ޷ӣԣֻԶ롣 
ţջˡЩǵţֱ߳ط 
ϵҲ٣Ҳŷ죬¹졣 
Һһ΢ 
ǺӢתſջǰһˣҴûǹ㡣 
ԭӢҵļ˵ŻЦ˵Һʶദ̫ݣҲȷʵɡ 
ʲôĸ飮˭֪أǳԺΪҺҲֻ˼ˣκν 
ŵʧ䣬Ŀصڽߡ 
ҿͦˣ򣬾Щˡ 
ͬҿЦһ㣬һֱꡣ 
˾סĽ˼ʲôĺʹĥˡƺܴȻ 
ҺֻԼĹָоܲãõޡ 
Сӣû°ɣŮдֱˬʣоɩ̧ͷȥȴʮֵģΪʶɢǰһΪҵģɩΪһжδûкӢ棬ûҦүҲǺҵСۡӺܿ࣬ȴæµϾȥ̫̫ʹˣĸҵģ 
ˡ 
仰˵ейģҸеůԭǱϡҳķȥԶߵ긾ˣ΢Ц 
ůʵˣҪܵůĸоʵǺסֻҪһЦݣһο㹻ˣкܳһʱ䣬ЩҲˡ 
Сӣ˵ÿɲҿǴҽʦҽĺܣǰˡúúϢסŰɡҺҼ๫չġ 
Ϊ˵⻰ʱЦȻУϡҸжΪΪ 
ͻȻһֳ嶯һҪĳ嶯һҪĳ嶯ܹݣȷʵǿˡңܲ޴ȥһǸɻԣ 
°ɡЦеĻߣ°ɣﱾסš 
Ҹָܵ϶ͷ¶ȣۣ֪Цˡ 
˯ɣ˯˯ͺˡ 
ҴӺ䷢ŵ˯УδЩϣƽȴůӣһֱڿŵĶǲܳأ 
8 
ҵԷ򸾣ǴĺˡͰɩҶСУһ󼤶ĳ嶯 
Ĺػ£ҵ彥Ȭˣʱһ룬ӵƽ 
´󣬰ɩڴߡ 
ȴĴӣÿ˵϶ִЦݡⲻǺܴĿȴůĿżҲҳ񣬺ݾ֮С 
ӣˡ㡣ɩҰڲ԰ϣ˵ 
û£Ҷ԰ɻˡЩļ 
ɡҽʦ˵û²ųɡڰɩļ֣ҺǸжȴҲ֪˵һһĸԣʲôҲı䲻ˡ 
Ҿ¿ɡ 
ɡЦˣȻæŻ 
̧ͷ죬ںæµģſ̸ɲ˵ĻšȴеģеԼⲻȥ 
ɩĺܺãһҹиܵʧɢҵ׵ܵܰԴ 
˰뵽ں뵽һ˫ѼǲĵáңԶģɩȴȷʵָо 
ҽʦˣҽʦˡ 
ͻȻôеСһ㡣ͲˣطҲСȻǺ׷ڵġ 
ҲЩ˷ܣֻҪҽʦһ仰ŰɩǾͿҰһɻˡ 
̧ͷԶʲô˳ 
վɩҲӣǰȥӭӣ 
΢ǽҽʦţ 
ɩ˵ʲôûΪ˼ԾؿʼƮƮʱõǶӣķ򸾣ɰŮа꣮ 
 
߰ɡҸߴûҽгͻȻ䵭ĳ 
ҳԾСΪüϤģӣЦҽ꣬ŵҵ꣬ü 
ڣֻҲΪʲôû͸Ĵ 
ߵͷٶ࿴һֱֱۣйɩӣйƬ԰ȻʧҵСֻŮӻһۣ 
Ϥȴǲˡ 
ҽʦĶŮǾӣ㲻̫ġǿˡɩܵĴ˭Ҳ޷ס 
ǶһפУʥֵʱ⣬˿ȴЩŤˡ 
˯ɡɩô˵ˡ 
Ǹֱ糿סңһġ˵һ߳§ޣһš΢硱 
ʲôҵ棬ůůģŵϤζ 
Щ˵ģȴˮ㽿Ůӡ 
΢𣿡 
ΪԼˣɻؿȻߡողǰһ̬ȣ˿Ϊȴ־ñطҡ 
΢ǿʱ˳һţǸղſϳҵӣ֪ˡǰ΢Բԣ 
ҽִҵ֣˵Ŀɲᣬһ˸Ŀɣ 
ֹеĻҵۣҵͷʾǰ΢ҡͷǲ̫࣬Լ֪һĸ飬ֻʣ𣿡 
΢硣õ֮ҸеһȻůů 
ҼɬػЩҵǿİС 
΢Һ㡣ЦˣЩģеûб䣬ǻǣϧǡ 
΢Եɲ֮ͣڴˣǧ򲻿֪ǵݣ֪Щ𣬺ǰɩҽæ˵ 
ɩŽˣҲѸٱſ쵽ҲһһֱĮı飮ӦǴ꣮üЩʹޱʣıϲĽ꣮ 
ѾȫˡɡҽԺǳΪҽʦ׵ô԰ɩ˵š 
ȻˣûټԾһۣһҶıӰЩĪʧ䡣 
9 
΢Ϣһ°ɡ 
ҽӹɩˮԶ֡ 
ЩġӰڵϣһ鲼ϯض 
ֵز۵ĻȴҲۣ۵ 
ĨһѺһϲ֪Цݡǰҵķ򸾣ԵҪ˵ֻһлл 
٣лʲôɩЦˣ污ɬЦЦ 
Ȼǵ˼ˣһ𼫶Ȱĵĸоʧ̫ãȴֲҹ̫ãǺر׸жرҪϧ 
ҽʦѽ˭вˣ 
ɩһҽʦӦǸ˵ģƫƫ֪ΪЩµزȥǣ˵ֻÿÿĮٴ͸ıӰЩء 
Ȼ֪ҲӵҵĴڡ 
֪˽ıʣһǳصģΣصģǲòСУκ͸¶Լݡ 
Ҷҽʦͬɩ죬𲽵죬ԶЩʧĸоػͷ 
һ죬ɩǼԭֿĺסˡǸǵӲԶмʯӲƽС񺮸Ũ棬õļ䣬ԣҹҲҪϵ£ǻ𺮸Щ䲻ȴҲǻǣȻһӢ森ָоܲʲôؿڣұܵطԼ̫Էһ䣬Ҵûǹˡ 
ΪϿµӡ̫ԲŲòȥ⣮ 
һæµһôǾ˯û̫࣬ûж̫ã 
Ϊǻһ 
ʲôûŴ콫ѡһ۾ȴʲôӴԾ롣 
˭ҾУһȴһֻ˽ 
ЩѰɩǡҡ 
ûӰӣ˵ĻɤҲٳ𱻵ȼ 
Լһ꣮Ϊȴͬó̫̫ࡣ 
΢ңỽһȻת˸ŵľϲãһִصȥĸо 
ۣʱҵǰֻҵĵطǶǰۡľҲʰյĹԡ 
㡣ֽһӵҴûǹ㡣Ȼȥ㣬ǣһֱ㡣 
ûǹ㣮 
ǵڶô˵ˣȴͬĸжͷ 
ҵʱʹ࣬ҳ˺ӡȴһֱңҲڱûʲôңȴشڡ 
ִڼӵҡԾֳǸٲµ꣬ɵȥһϰԵḧıЦ˵Ҳ㡣 
ְͻˣáɿңЩЦЦ 
ӣǰģԸȥʱİĮӡ֪ЩŲǼЩ֮еİû䡣һطĹ 
ô˱裬̲סˡ 
һұˡ۱ˣӡпֻţзߺųޣֳ޵Ĺâ뵽˺Ӣ森 
ʲôҲˣľȴҶʡǻӣıע빬֮͢ǣҰɣҲЩ֪ͬЩ²СϰտԹʵġ 
ȻҲôģΪ˵ȥ¾ͱˡ˿ͬʱȴЩܣ˵ܣһʲôһ㡣 
Ҳһϣ˵Щʲôһֵ˽⵽ʹˣȰο⣮ҲЩҲζҽеӦΣıʡ 
վʲôҲû˵ҲϣΣգҲΪûǸʲôʲôҲ˵ 
뵽ߵĿܣüͷЩ 
΢ȥһǣ𣿡֣ 
ҿЩڴЩŵЦ˵ҵ֣͵ǣ֣֣ûһų⡣ 
΢ңȴþûģЩҵȴůġ 
ϲָоԼ·Ĺ̡ 
ҽʦ˵һ۾ϳңΪʲôĵš 
Ϊû䰡һĺÿ˵ţԼЦˣҿЩ죬ĨЩӰӣȴôȥϸ룬У㾱ϵġ 
һֱھϣ·һֵȻصͷʱҸʯͷ֪ûûһں 
ƺҵ£µһ֣ĽıҼһֻطķ䡣 
Ӻ棬ҫۡʶĪЩжۿЩʪˡ 
΢ŵػҡ 
ҡһҡͷɴؽ󡣸оЩȻҵĺ󱳣ظһֵֻ 
ҽյֻ֣ȴʼûɿֱʱֱʱĿ뿪صһۣҲӭָоһһֱһֱǵã 
ڴеǰݡ 
ż뽭ҽʦǻᾡĮӱ˴ˡֻ̲סÿβʱһۡ 
ҹͲͬ 
ۣȴ˯ֱ򱻿죬ֱԾ롣 
͵һҹͬҹǸ࿿ڲĴϣܾ˵˭˯ˣѵȴʱ᲻ðҾѾ뿪ʱԼ뿪ֵĽʱ׷ֵܴ飬ȴӪһֱܸС 
Ҳ֪ʲôȴҲѱò͸ܸӣһʱԾ⣬ȴԽӵۣʱҵҵĶһȣɢȥȡ 
Ӿİ˵ҹϵؽ¹ȥһˣҹҾӭԼڶʮ 
ɩǲ֪ȴ֪ǰи߹Ҳ֪ǷǵãȴЩڴһصĵصţƽʱһ 
10 
10 
ȴԴ˸˯ȴַˡ 
һٿʱˣΪʲ᲻ң 
û˵ŷĲ̫гҲܵĳʲ𣿡ʣûסԼ 
̾Ϣһû˵ٿʱȴǰЦҿӴãȻóƿӷŵС 
һƿӣƿȴͷ׵ʯͷռ˺ܾãǷжãռ˶áϲģ𣿽գҰˡ 
ʱİãΪûбĶ档ǣƿӣȴĪļһ˲ȥ 
ƫƫһ˲ݵЦлȻᣬɵ濴޴ӻرܵؿ 
΢ǿҪֱЩʱ򡣡 
ҳԾĻȻһӲֿԸֿĸоǰǿҺܶ࣬ǿҵƿصġ 
ʲأסͬߣңĹȥ֪ңʸ 
΢ѹʵʵ֮һġסҵ˫֣ҵ̫ļ 
ӣҡӦ㣬ֻǣΪʲֻ仰أҵͷоԼһĺӣȡְؿڣһ䡣ǰҲ˵ǣˣǾͲ 
ҵᡣΪҾԼû㱧ԹʽĻͬ˵ҲȥķӦȥķӦȴͬʱڴӳ 
Ĭֻܸоߣȴ޷ȥ֪˼룮أ֪٣ָ֪٣ 
Ұ˼֮ʣҵ˼ƮƮȴڲʱ򣬰طϣȶѪҺ֮У 
ǣͬһ߰ɡ 
ҿгɣȴֻᶨԲҿ϶᲻ڣȴȻ¶ġܸӣ֪ĸìȴȫȻΪҡ 
ҸˣԳƵϲҷ֣ԽʣĿ𣿿Ըߣ߽磬ʸ𣿡 
ں˵ʲᣡûʸ㣮Ҷ㣮һݣһݡ鼱µıף档 
ҵ鱾ӦǺܼģȴ侲ǱǰǶʵ͵ҳһ졣 
Ҳֶĵע˴˵ļ䣬˫һֲ١ȥ棬븧ƽΪԼЩЦĲ 
ġץҺ븧ο֣ϵλãƺҪ˵ĶұЩʲᣬˣƼܵĹĶȷȷʵʵشģҼ 
ЦˣеԳЦΪӲ˵Լ顣ΪΪûҪ֪ 
ǣǣԲǡ֣Ե޴ȴίǺ֪ԽԽΣաʵ˵ǲֿͬģ㿴ڵ֣ܰܿ룬ԼûȨһա 
ĻҲŷ֣ԭһֱԹΪԷһ 
ڵݶ˰ģлЦůĺֵⱾһģӵĸ飬ǱЩǣңڣǣҾǰҿǸһ֣˵Ҹߡ 
΢ӵұֱӵķʽָоһϲǣҵһ㣬Һԣȴʤǧ 
ұۣ£ЩѣܾٶȻᣬҲˣ˫ݵұߵ֡ 
ΪаЩڽԼһҸĽ˫ֻû뵽һ죬һһֺЦִ红Ӱοǽ˫ 
û˵ȴࡣ 
Ҹо°ͻı¶ȣ֣ԼůȡȥĸоһʱЩԣܿ쾪Ťȥֹ֣ȴͽȻ 
΢ңңĻԼʩҵļ֮С 
Եüľٶ˼ڼ䣬ż룬ҹҺ֮ʱǲҲйĽһչͷȴΪƴ͡ 
ΪңұƵڴֺۣͨ΢Цĳ嶯ֻҵϵǣЩʹü 
ƣһһɨԼϣЩӦ˺ĺۼֱо˰ҵѨεȻͦ룮 
ƺߣҧסָԼʹҿĶͷִ飬Դһ㣬һҪȥ飮ҡҷֱо뼤ԼǺЦЩˣЦϣ룬ӭҵĽǸΡ 
11-12 
ʵҴ뿪ȷʵǳ˵¡ʱֻ˵ĸڹ˵£һ̤㾩ǣ֪ĸ󷸵ɱͷ֮ΪʺǱƺ˭ںܶ鳼ڵĻʺҲƺĸĸ󽫱Լ̣ңҲΪ񣮣ȻԲŹһ̫ӵĴڣǽҽҶ 
ΣҲȫĵطǣкܳһʱҾͶǸĵĵطĸ󱻵ִǰȥԴԶһ죮һ죬ѽҽ֣ȺȻĸ԰ɫֱѪڵϣǿźͷУȴҽס죬ǷݾʹӡϣУ˵ҸоΪΪʹ࣬ǰļ磬̧ͷȥͷһ 
Ǻޣ޾ü䣬ͷϣսһ£ĳ޲ɵ뵽˺Ӣ棬뵽ǿıͷ㣬Ҫ𣿡 
ҪɱǼǸǷǵĸס 
Ϊ˵⻰ʱıģҲŸе¡˿̵ǰ΢Ц꣬һϧĸ֮ 
΢ұͬ˵Ϊǣ㡣޷ֿԣҪ֪ڵĳ͢ڰϳҪ߸ұǿԴ췴ŵӣҵԸĹߣΪˣҿԸѹĶ΢ߺòãߣҾ͸еģ 
ûϵͷһתԼϣҵڴһ˲ı仯ǸϲİˣǸ뵽ͻ뵽Ѫ˵Ѫ 
ЩɣΪԼǰľе޷ԭºӢ溦ôˣͿ̹Ȼĸ 
ҵʹۣ廹§š§ҵģҰҲҵˣһϧϲ·ˣһҲϧǰİ;ˣ 
΢ҵĲԾЩĻţԵô 
ۣΪҵִΪĲ밮 
ҲܾǰǶʱ⣬ֲеӣʱûн嵭׳󣬾ָطָ꣬УҵУܲɷ֡ 
ʶ㣬ҲòϣҶҪж಻ȴ벻 
ҵͷ飬εҲȥܾ 
ҹǰ̫顣˵Ҫ뿪ҵıѹȻǱ˴˼һףϣǳ߹˵ıʣȴջ޷ȻأҼǲˡ 
ǼǼ飬Ǽҵػţʱ䶼ֹͣһ㡣 
ʵһϣʱʹͣЪģΪ޷Ԥ֪δǲòȥ¡ɱҲãҲգȫӦģȴҪȥӦΪܲɷֵˡ˼֮ҿʼɻ֮ǰİ 
޷ԭҦүıѣܽܺӢֶΣȴѡѪȳɱ; 
Ұ㣬΢Һð㡣ʶȻɢʱŶȥһ䣬Ϊһ䣬ı仯 
һһƬ԰ӣģͻҺԶԶ֪Ӧȴ˳ŵһеĺӢ棬Ҷǿ̵ģǲŻ 
ǵǸҲ֪Ͼȥ룬ҲϸԼӦȥ룮 
ΣһҹȻȥ 
⣬㽫һѣұȥҽʦǴ 
ҪŰ΢һߡ˵⻰ʱԼɡ 
Ҳֻ֪Բϰ 
͵͵ҽʦɫÿǴȰˣ˿ȴŲͬǡ 
ҵȻ֪ʲôҵĴڣһѿҵĴ塣 
һĳ̶ֳϿĻδˣҪǵĴҵѲǲɰɣ 
ҲҲʱ뽭ҽʦӣͷ 
Ծһ̾Ϣ㳤ˣзִġ 
ĨǣȴҲǺصһ仰ûشı鲻ҵĽӲ 
̫ˣ΢磬ͬһˡȴ˷ܣִҵ֣Ե˸߲ҡ 
ʱĸдַͷҳЦʱûиκθı䣬ҵġ 
ʱҪ̡Ҳ֪ȥģʣҲʡҹҵȥֻ߰ˡ 
ɩǸ˵ģҺ޷ 
ҶǶˣǴӲңֻҪһ𴲱ȥǣΪΨһݵĵطȴΪ΢˿ 
ʶ֣ɰɩ˷򵥵ţимǸвᣬҽԼԴЩīӷԼһһظ뿪׷Ѱһҹȥ붼 
ţֻЩסŵСݣʲôҪЩĵ׶ľһҵѡҽ·ɺˡ 
ףȴǾ뿪Ϊ߳ǰ澲ҵˡ 
ҳЦȻСܹȥʱһִסҵ֣ҸĲߣʵһֱڴߣ 
ûκ˸ʶ뿪ԾС·гӣսţȴ˯⽥ŨҲΪ֪İȻϡ٣Բץȥϧȥζ 
΢𣿡ʱôңǣƺҡҡͷʲôǱϣ޻ڣһ㣬òԥƾһ㣬һȻֵáʱ侭ãⶼı䡣 
ѹʮţʮеĴ󲿷ʱҶںɹ磬ȴɩͰסŵĲ֪ĴӣҶԣ֪ 
ڷֵľǽֵϣҸŴԵò֪롣 
һнİİ֮еΣķӽҽʦĽұõ 
ҶԣΨһϤģΨһȫģǣŲ÷ſģ¶ȣͨȻġҺ˿ԼΪӦüǿˡ 
ȥʮƽµҶôŵȴҵĲƽͬעһҺطమأһẦ»ԥȴȥҲԼģԼ顣 
˾ڽϣȥúõĲ֮ɡҽʦô˵š 
Ÿڽҽʦĺͷ֪Ҫ׷ɱǣʵôһֱڲϵϵضء뵽ӣҲɵûΪۡΣյĵطȫĵطҲжĵط 
ǻصԭ㣬ǲԤʾȷѪĿʼҲ룬ֻһһﲻϵظԼҪᶨҪǿ 
߹հ䣬ǲ֪Ľ֣Ľ䣬ЩԺӡǵİ֮ 
ŽҽʦǰŰ壬һ٣һ¡ 
ſˣһλɫŵ̽ͷڵ뼷ڣԺվǺصĹ 
һϵежҸΣķԾ 
ϸ߸صˡ 
ϳۼӡӦŵͻȻ¡ 
ЩӦȥȴһӣ˵Ǹϡɡ´ˣˡ˸٣ 
УѾɱ˸ҵĸð䡣񾩳ƴ嶼ȫĺܡ˵⻰λ´ɫЩ⡣λ󳼶׼ˣŵس˾ǾͿжڴ֮ǰǻɱЩΣвֻίɲһˡ 
ûϵô궼̹ˣһʱ͸λˡͬ´˴ŹǻԵóϵĳȡ֮鵽һء 
̫ҲǲȫϳȸˣةʱһˡٰѾ֪ӡ´ʩ 
ǺðɡϸҲܣֻҪţǼͻңұסҲɱŵ 
֮ȼȫҲǲ⣬ȴ̲ס޻Ȼҵӡ뵽ĳеĲ̡ 
´뿪ҷЩĵҡ 
ɫܲá˰ɣҲŵ˰ɡ㣮һǲӦðģǲǣ 
ʱôġڲסۣĲҡͷҪİĻӦ˰ˡһߵġҷŵϵ 
ҿ˿ǸʮˣǰǸϲİ 
ҸȥϢɡ㡣˵ž뿪ȴҽʦסˡ 
ԼȥɡҾǼ䡣ָΧСԺڶһ䣬˹ȥ 
֪ҽʦصɫʲôʵϣ߽ӣڹǰҲȷȷʵʵһСæţҿŰϡ֪ҸΪ̫̫鷳ǵĹϵˣЩӡ 
ƺмԼǵڳЩʲôҪǿҪᶨҸԼԼģԼܵģ·ҲҲԼѡġܺڣΪұǸᶨƣԹ޻ڵİţõƫԣ·ˣ 
Щ˰ɣ򴲱ߣȻ£ͻϮǲĳӺͻӼĶԻҲ벻̫࣬˯ȥ 
ʲôϸϸĴде¶ȡü̲סȥ 
ӿɰɱɿ˵ӾǰƤȴʧº͵Цˣһ㡣ӣʱûֲκ 
Ҹ̾ͬʱҲ΢Ц 
ˡǵģҴӳڳܡôˣԷǰСء 
˵ţıԹ治ζģҾԼҡͷЦֻѡ氮ѡڰߣѡΪӵУʲôƵģҸеۻģǶ񲻸ἰҲٲµ£ֻۻ⸱жԶֻгԾδߣֻҲ׳ 
Һ͸Ľ֮ͬźܴЩʹ 
΢磬ɫѿࡣȥеͬ㿴 
ЦŻؾĹСҶˣǿȥɡ 
ͷǣҾܡ 
ɫѰ˯˺ܾáǴɫ˵Ϻÿ 
Žȥ˲˵صڣִҵַԼϣȻ΢ȷȷʵʵһ̾Ϣ 
üϸСĲҲۣĵȷڲ֪άϵһ쵽ʱȻһ壬ɷֿ 
Ϊˣǲǣʡ 
ҲǳҵˣµһָҵӣȴԼü䣮ίˡ 
ҡͷޡίǸж 
ҲǸ׶ˣããȴһͬʱΪҶӡ 
ҲϧҲ鶯ǳʱˣǵſۿϡ 
顣 
ҾŵػͷɫɫӳԵò԰ס 
ſȴʼӰؿ 
13 
Ǹʲôҿȥȥȴ㿪 
һŭǷߣǺޣҲһָӵͬڣֻʱļң޴ȥϸȥ 
ֻЩȴҵŮ˵ᣬ˵Ŀǡ 
ҲɣٽˣȴҲˡ 
˵ҵʲôһӵʹһˣǰŨվ޴룬ֻһ˿ʵ̫̫ˣ 
֪ǰҵģģȴǻһ߸̾ͽһʲôҴҳΣ˳վߵŮһĺг 
νѵңһֿ˵ûϧܷĸ뷨һۡ 
ȴӲȥпͷȪӿĺ˼롣 
֪ģ֪ģ̫ˣҺˣ 
кȻǳͱܵ죬ܿģ˽⵽ֻʣǶˡ 
ôģлںаգЩҾǧٸý֪֮Ĺϵ 
֪ǿ£µ˺ѷһʹϸ˵ң˵һݣȴδ˵ֻҪһˣܳɹǸǺܶ˵ӣǻҵѪҪӣҪһȴֻܷˣҪһŮӡ 
΢ôˣҪģһȥ̸̸ġ 
ΪҲΪ˴˵Ĺϵн˳ҲΪŮӶ˵ˮţΪ˽ҵİοƫƫ֪ҵĽ̫ݵ£Һ֮ŵıǷݼȴĨȥĲУƽȣҲҴδӹʵֻΪųȥϸˡ 
Ӧʲô֪ĹϵɣʲڣȴԾ̲סɻȥ 
ƺǶˡǱЩۣûʲôˡ֮һúú̸̸ 
ɵĻشó²֪û׷ȥ֪𰸣ҲǾԼҲûʸ 
ԱҲ̬ȴҲԴ޿ͺΡ 
ӦûЩԵģȥ˹ô˵ţƺЩζ߳ҵߡҿСſڣͻȻеİй¶ 
 
СͷҵԼʲ֪ٴˣȴĴζڴ˿ǿҡ 
ûп޳˵Ǽǿľ֮ҵˮɺһ㣬ԽԽˡ 
ùֱͣŵڽ΢ֹĻһ̧ͷãģ𣿡 
˼ҽ֮ΪǲĹϵԥһ£ҡͷΥĵģҲ˳ 
ͬܿҵԲһҲܿĿգЩ΢Ĳ׷ֵĸ̾Լ͵͵ġҾ֪ 
Ҳ׵ǣȻ֪⣬ΪʲôֲͬҽͷأΪʲôԵÿأ 
ʲôҲûʣ˸µ߳˷䡣ΪȴûС 
ɵҵĵȷȷһҹ 
ڽ 
᲻§ӵŽοеĻԼʹʱԺ˽Ųһ󼤶ƿȴǽҽʦ 
ʱҴ￴˲˵Ŀ 
ǿͬ顣 
˵֮ĲȥҵܾѵĴͬ飬ôڴԶֻǹµ 
ǰôĸжȴʹҶλһȰôһ˲һֽǨŭ 
ҹҿܻطһ׷˹ȥûгءҲ㲻֪˺ǰйԼġ 
ͻأĻŵŤ̬޷εı˷ӳеȴҲǽѡϾǻˣȷȷʵʵʶ˺ҡ 
ģĳô˵ 
ƺŵˣɫÿȻǳһ̾Ϣǻӣδʺ㣬ȻʺҲܳΪչĳ 
ûаĻȥصغ˴ 
ŻǷݣҲֻ֪ǸпԼΪĥƽ˵ԭڵġ 
ҹҿܻطһ׷˹ȥûгءҲ㲻֪˺ǰйԼġ 
ҽʦĻԾڶ߻졣 
ԼС޲÷޷Ĩɱĸ飬޷ݣ֪ĵһҴδɹҵİûлɹҶģǲȴòɣǲֻһˡ 
ĸ߲ǹԺȺӦòģҽǹͬɹһô£Һͽֽ֮ңʹҵԱҵĲ 
ڵϣȴ벻ȥú󣬵߳˵ĿɬҲź֪ظ̾ԭһǻ޵ѽ 
 
14 
ĨȥᣬҵûкľȴҲǲˡʱ޳ҲЩʹ˵ˣȴӱǿҡ˿ͷǺͿҪҵƵʹ 
̾˿ 
΢ôˣ 
Ǵɣɫáֻ̫ľȥοˣҲ֪Ҳ֪ 
ûʲôҴ䵭 
㻹ڽ£ѾûˡЦҲ밲οңʵȴ˺ҡôҪʺ䲻֪ڳı£ȴѾ̽ǵ١һλϳðչ֪ͨ츽һֱлʺԼӱӰܵǱھӡ 
ͻĻնĵ龳Ӧøķӳ 
ʵ뱯ˣȡһһз֤һҪһݣǣȴ֪⣬ʱ 
Σֻһ䡣 
ѾʼԱңǧԸΣͷΪΣ֮еĸġ 
ЩͷʵװƷİδҳʾʱԸ뿪 
ܵڽҽʦķھȥ˭Ҳ˵׼ʲôʱ˴ˡ 
ֻô˵ţȻǣűܡ 
ҽʦķҲڵŵġ 
֪ιʣûȥΪҺ֮ҿصҲΪͷ֮ȥй֮޿Եܲ⡣ 
һ޵ݣһʹš 
΢磬ôˣã 
ӱƫƫȴȻ 
̧ۿЦݱӡ۵ףӦΪİݺͽɸжģΪʲôԼ˸ıͬһҹ˵ЩʲôЩʲôֻ߳ŵЩʲô 
ҳ̬ȴȥֹȥ 
ҼĨЦݣٶ˵ʲôҲ˵ʲô 
лʱˣ߰ɣ 
ҽʦĻ˵ 
Һ޵һۣˣ̾һȴΡǣҵֻֻ֣ΨһȻŵߵɣֻˣ 
ܵڴЩľ£ν룬ҽʦƺ 
컹ΪŵĵطͲòӿЩľɡ 
˵ŮԵϰΪ 
ʶһָͷһһ֣Щϧһ˶еϧ 
ܵܰҼηǰС 
΢ 
ͻȻɤңЩԾ 
ǰʱ򣬳˾¾ֻʣ·ߺ벻ʣֻΣоƽʵȫ΢ĸоġ 
Ҳ鵽˲˵ܲ˵ʱҸܰǺ˵û˵ 
ʱʰףһ˲ԼǰʹС 
ƫƫڵģһǲòŵòȥܣȥֲòȥܣֻһˡûΪ߻ǻ̫Ů 
ֻǺ£ֻҵĸûȴһ죬ԶûУ 
֪˶ã֡ƬӣҶԾǵĵһ֪ȴ֪ϤңǽҰ֣صĺõطȴͬҲʳѴ 
Ƭ߹հҵҿǲϢˣҹҰ޳ûЩУ˾㣬·һ¼Ǻţ֧سѰҡҽʦô˵š 
ҿóʵؽҽʦ鶼ȥ죬ΪҶ뽭ҽʦִȴҲΪˡ 
ԱƺԽأرڣͻȻ뷨ȴءҵĸҲûκΰĳָ 
뷨Һ£ٴξȥζǣŵڵ¶ȣֻʵ̵ظУԣֻҪһᶨƵɾͿˣҪңҪΪ˴ǿҪš 
۲ۣһͻȻҡ 
ҡͷʵҵټһҹδߣȻҵĽŲԽأҲΪһǧһ룬Ըҷϡ 
۵ĻϢٴΪƷ˽ҽʦİšҿԭȰ˴ŵ⿴һۡ 
ʼ磬Щʵ̾Ϣ 
أԵ𣿡 
ŵʺɫ䡣ͨʺ򣬺Ȼʺ򣬿СȴЧŽҽʦ̾š 
ʣǿµĶӰ棬ǧ鶼ݡ 
û£ϰˡ 
ȷǱҴݺܶࡣΪʲôҿʼΪԼĿԺѵʱƽûеһУеֻ߱¶İֻҽҲеĶҲӵС 
ұԼ뷨ŵˣŵסˣΪǽҵֵˡ 
·֪ߴ·ʱȴˡ 
磬ܴķ磬ŵģǺǿɱⲻҲˡ 
˺󡣡ҽʦͻȻô˵ 
ȻһǿסңֱֱҴ½ǵߣȻҲظš 
زκβ㣬ãȻ̬֪롣 
˴Żֺܿ죬ƾҲ̵ظܵ 
ͻϮҳԾҽʦ书ǸָҳԾǣҳԾȴͻϮߣ 
ĺ㣬Լѡ뿪ȴûϵǻ龳ط꣮ 
Ӣ森 
 
15 
ȵĲңҽʦΪԷԼǸ߳ţΪһʱӲţںӢ棬ԭӦֱֱڽҽʦϵڿҵһ˲ͣ˶ΪطԵ𾪡 
΢ܶţط֮ϲҲҾ뿪ôЩЩίҲΪҸĺ⣬ֻ߲µҲ½ĵط龳ǲˣ 
΢Ϊʲô㣮ֻǿЦŪû˵ʣȻĿⶨȦҵϣƺʲô 
Ȼʶشͷܵزȥ˿̵ı顣 
ǿˣҸоӵҵּӢʲôıľٶЩ棬ǲҿ 
ȱ˻Ҫҵʹܲ 
Ӣ仰ս̧ͷɱ⣬Ӣ汾Ȼɱ⡣ 
Ҿţ뵽˺ǳǳ֮ǺӢеǿ 
ҿż󣬡Ӣˣ㣮 
⼸ҲջŵĮߣҲΪҲٳǰԲŻ˾졣꣬ô죮 
˰΢ˣɱӢǿ˵ЩģҲܽܵ۾һǿļЩĶҡϾЩı䡣 
ҿŰ׻λεĵǱƽ 
ߣ 
ϢָĽҽʦǰ 
Ӣ棬ͽиˣδ䣬ֻǼִˡ 
һֱǨŭȻʱ˿Ҳòһλµߡ 
ߡô˵ʱʹ 
Ǳģȫ߿޺ű߱ǰС 
Ҳ侲ˣΪ΢΢һĸѽ 
ΪۣҲϾȥǽҽʦиĻ 
侲ҰɱУкķ֪׷ 
΢ӲĻ͸Ǹ߰ɣҪǺޣúõĹ 
ôš 
һԸռǿˣ˽⣬ԲŸ˵⻰ʱѪģҵǷ飮 
Ҳߣ˵۵ﶼģҲþȫš 
ûĻӦȴֺĵ׵ĹĶһĹĶ 
±ڣ̱ڵأˡ 
ˣˡ 
תźӢִֶ 
Һǰţ˵Ҫ˺ 
΢ǿ϶Ůӣ 
ҾͲ־ˣƴҲҪס΢㲻ܸһˣܡ˵ŵӢ档 
ľȻվţ 
˵ҪңȴҪ뿪ղŻһֱŵֿģҪҴߡ 
ȻһʽѡΪſң 
Ը˵һɣùڣҪҶҵİˣӵŮ뿪 
֪Ǽƽϵʱ򣬿ǽŲȴƲ 
ҵۿ˽ֵĹӰҺܽھҲǽǸоȴԶ 
ҿԽԽУˤڵأźӢ½Ҫ¡ 
ܹˣΪһӶеҡ 
ҵס˰յƣҾҵǷ룬Ҳѡһ棬ٲȥ 
ûŵأŷֱֱˣûֱ׹䣬̧ͷһ֣ǰ֤Ψһͼ֣Ķ 
˿һ˻У׹ǹ֣ȴץסҡܶ¶ɡ 
΢Цؿںʹӿ³ѪƺڿƮɢ 
ԴһûгѵẦ£һвƿء 
ۣȴȻʲôײһ£ֺǱʲôΧ΢¡ 
ϤҺУ̧ۣȦסҵı۰ڰҴµˡ 
ˣеĻᶼûУһпҳԾ屻ʲôƶЩܴĳײұһײ֮ٶˣ˲仹ǺʹʹѾһ㣬ƺߣؿڸʹˣȻ󣮣Ҳ֪ΪʶȻƮƮΪƿأΨһڵĻ־ȣΪӢΪ 
΢΢΢ 
ǱһѵģʹҶһ£żѵԭĸоûе 
ѰһҵԴͷԶǸˡ 
ӣһŭؿڣҴš 
ǣȿȣ䱻Ŵɱʹһһʹ죬΢ң 
Ҫ˵Ҫ˵ҲҪʲôҲҪӰšҺºӢҪ˵ĻΪҶ֪ʲôҪҵģҲȡҪģҲˣҲʲôҲ 
ãҲ˵ˣ 
ЭͬʱҲص̾Ϣ 
ؿںʹѷֲۣͷʹˡû°ɣһʡ 
㣬ʵܶĺֻˡ 
ɵɵɵӡҵʹӾޣҳƵԣܺڣºܵȴҵģˮȴʵıʹʹȾ 
㻹Цÿ˵ǾЦҲû˵Ц顣 
ҹɣ취 
ҵͷҲܲûţ񿿵úܽȴûκεطһƫƫȴķֲ˴ˣ̧ͷ£ʹ޷¶˯еơ 
㻹ǲҵġЩǨŭ˵ 
ûлӦȴ֪û˯̾һҹ˭ٿ˵Щʲôˡ 
˵˵Ҳ˵ 
 
16 
һҹδߣɫҵȴȻʹҲ䡣 
ҹһǰѺӢ̫ˡ 
ɺԵĺѪȾһҰ׵ɫҵ˫Ϊûн̸Ҳ֪ʱȻʶ磬һл޷֮ʱϡٵ 
죮һܣĽҰ룬Ӳݱ޾ӼУ뽹ľ 
Ӣ棬ιӢ棡Ҵü壬ûҡ 
ҵʵҲʹüѪҲ֪ǲͷˣҽʹվûгɹӢ߶ˡ 
죮һҲ֪ʱ򣬲Զƺʲ춯 
ֵĸ޷Ϊʱֵط˵ĸΨһ뵽ĲϣһǺӢΨһĳ· 
𣿡ҽ˻ 
ֹöҾΪһֻ鼱µƾջþˣ춣ĨӰԽվǰ֮ʱҶȥģ 
㣮û°ɣ 
ֲȴɾ˵ɴۿңôȻĹ֮ 
˿ҹȥ˵Ĳȴھ·̾˵ľˣ٣Ķǻˡ 
ȾǡҵиһɲǾɳˣƵȶԵüѡ 
ҿѣݼǺľео߱խģȻһƬڣʶһ˲ȻԭҲǵ˼ޡ 
Υһ۵ף֪Լǻ 
ˣΪǣһˡ 
ʹƺȻʡϲƱվҽŴصһ˲䣬ʹ 
ʹòʹ֧֮࣬Ӳײ 
ѽϵȴͬʱеһǿѸٵѣ֧ 
һǺӢ档ʹԵظˣӰ£ûˣ̫ˣ 
ȴûøˣüͷ 
û£ҶӴǻʱС˵ľͲˡҺңҪǱˣߣȻѡκҲûˣ㣮 
ҿſڣ˵λͷ׷ϸصĺͺӢصı飬ƺʲᣬֲȥʲᣬҿԼȣƺ 
ˡҲ֪ˣͷƺˣʹӦûȥֻҪ㲻ȥʹǣߣҲȳˡ 
ȳˣҾԼظ⻰ʱ赭дҵڲҳԼѣҳϣʵһѹһ᲻ 
Ҳǵµصˡʲʱµأǲ֪ġ 
ҸøлϸֱӵģҿձϣֱӾϣʧҪõ̫˰ɡ 
ᣬֻһڳ룬ȴ 
΢ 
ӵסƿƺҲûֿ 
΢ģһչģһӣԶԣ΢㲻Ҫ£Ҫ£ 
֪˵⻰𣬲Ρ½Ǳ˽Ҵִ£ǻͷ 
ǣҲչˡܻӦûӦĸ飬ǷһˣʲʸҪһӵʱһߵˣ 
ұۣһҪ˵ڵĻҪ;ģЩƺԴҺµòȥϵһָ飬һѾ˻Ǳʲ޹ؽҪĴܴõĸ飮 
߿ң㡣 
ӵҵʧ¶ȲϣƤѪ࣬ʹ 
΢ҵķӳʼδģĲ֪˵еж 
ұ۲ȥ󲻰ı飬ȴԼԺһֱ鹴Щ顣 
Ψһǿάϵƽķ㺦ұģң㡣 
ûĻӦȴܵĳʱԸѡ˽ˣĻҲ࣬Ǿ֪ԣҲˡ 
ᣬ˱ܵ棬ĽǽźܾᣬҲһҵĶУҵͷҵѣ 
Ǻοࡣԭϸ 
ҿڶЩɲҿԼᣮֿˣβΪǺӢ森 
 
17 
ˣǸվˣԺԹҶڳԷһԵɡǿˣ㿪ڣǲᶯġ 
ûж࿴һϸҴϵʳİˣҲ֪Ӣҵվһ졣 
ˣԣЩίվҲṳ̂һҲҲǸεģҵҲ㹻ȱǱˣȴǴϵȥֻȴһݿˡҪһŰֵּʾʽҵԭ£ĺԺ̬վغҶ᲻ЦӭݣǣҲ̫⵽һչһӣҺ¾ֻ˵ķʽͷ 
ԣҲܹ 
ιСӣ˵еİɣ㻰ô˵Ҳѽ 
ϸߴţûȥ˵ĲţһһԴǣпܳҴʱʹʡ 
ܲˣϸдǵ뿪 
һϸźӢȥһӳԷӰˡ 
Ҳϸȥͽ͵һ룬вȥ¼Щһ˼ȴ˵Եýš 
һƽҺ˿֪֪ʲô֮ϸѺӢˡ 
ܺãƲȥʧնʹ˱Ӣ£ĺܺã 
֪ʱ˯ŵģȷΪ 
ôΣ½Ȥ壬ЩȻȴǴŵġ 
ҿ˴ϵķˣǰģ֪˭ϸĵΪӦǸֱˬϸɣ˵ֻǸʶȴܷϸĵط 
˵ǼúֻܽҪһƾõ꣬ԼΪϸ΢ĵط˿ʱ򣬲ʶȻԼзˡ 
ֻϸһִĺ⣬ǻĸ꣬Ūˡ 
˶ˣζȴֻԼĶˣ֮ܿҾЩʳ 
壬˯ȫޡ 
ǰںҲ˯ŵҹںʱ򣬶ҹºͶʵ龳 
˯žͻߣһֵǲķʽΪȣǸȡˡ 
̾һϷҲ۽ĵطһģûʱĹС 
˵ǳЩվʼˡ 
֪ҪȻҲ֪ԼȻҺ˭Ҫȴһ޷ظ֤Լ 
䵽ҵϣں 
ΪˣѲеҲٳǰһңĸӦǲ֮ˡ޴ѡֻԣǺĵϣҸĻɿֵĹȥҰԸĲң 
뵽ʱЩ龰ҲãҲãʱҿεᷢģǲİɣȻҶİʹڶܳȥףͬģȴ㹻ҲãҲգñ˴Ҹȥ 
ǺӢأ 
֪ԼǺܲƽ½ĸңȻ뿪ȵټ֮ʱȻͬһıʲôҲѸȫ˵С 
ģģȥѰԼҸһвᣬҲȥף뿪ǰֻ˺ˡ 
Ҫ˺ãҲ֪ҵޣƺ޷ȥԶ⣬ֻǼɴնҺ鸡ʵǣ 
˽ŲǸϿУ۾ҲκнΪееĺ޲ʵǰΣһСľ͵Ȼ޴档ңҹŸ̤㷿ŵģǣֻһˣ 
ЩǺԴԺӢ棬Ҿ֪ 
ҸоҵߣᣬĻסҸоʱռȫֹˣһ 
ȻҵĶͷоȴֻնЩСĸϣǲʰף˵ѱ˻ˣ˵ðȴǷŲ¡ 
Ҳ֪ǲΪĿʹ̫ǿң̲סüͷ֮˺Ӣ̽Ե΢ 
ҽ۾ǲӦûôãȴָо˺þã˳ص̾ϢֳˣΪҲ뿪ҵȴţȴ֪Ӣߣýý 
ʲôʲôôڶϣȴȣбӶͷ»봽Уǿң֮궼ζһӢ˵ģζ 
͵ɽµһҹһ˭û˵ȴѵģѵһ߸оҹţһϣʱܹûЩЩٻЩ 
 
18 
ʱԶţǻģоںӢ¶ʧϢȴдţۣȻ󣬾̵ӿ˳ 
ҵĿɬζڿУϣѪͷ·Ƕӡ 
ҲòϣԶĻҲһǺӢ档 
룬ҲԸеκһǲãԼò䡣 
һӣһƬӣƽǲ˵İɣôǶǣ˵зֲ棬ң߲Զһˣԣٻеκһ 
˿԰ʱΨӦǿ쵶նͬӢ治ܡӦǡԶĽ죬ҵı⶯ҡ֮ǰ 
緹ɡأһͨ˻ֲֿ˲ܼʱ㡣Сӣ㲻˵ҲˣǰŸʲô£ҪСǼˣ翴ˡ 
ϸô˵̧ͷĸӻ㽿С˵ȴֱʵǺˡҵľˣҸöĴмǴʱЦ˵лҵһ˿Цݶ 
ҹ뵽ӢһⲻģҾĸ꣬ʹּȴҲ޿κΡ 
ϡиչʲôãҸչ˻Ҳء 
ϸ˵÷꣬ǣʹұͷЩͱˣȴûҵһ㣬˵ţСҲǳգҾͲСôա 
㵽ǺˡҶҵϸ˵ͷһ仰̸Ƶһ仰ԭԭչ¶һ仰 
ʱҪĨô࣬Լʵ˼ҲʵͽԴϲˡ 
ҳԾؿϸƼ򵥵Ļʵ֪̺źǱϾ˷ֻ̫ܸ࣬пˡ 
ллڰοȰ˵һöġҿЦô˵ 
źÿϸô˵ţҲΪ˵ͨˣҡͷ뿪 
úͺӢִͻϸ֮£ƺֱѪ˺ܶࡣ 
ҾҪһҶԸ 
ӢĴУ̽ҪβģҪβſϷҲҪңʹ࣬ҵʹ࣬ǷиֹϢӣڣȴҲǸδ֪ 
뵽ֿƲʹɽһ㸡ӿڣ޴й 
ⳡϷ룬һҪݶãΪܶ޷Ԥ֪ҲŻό겻ܾʱضܱԽǺָоԽǿңϻôڣȴ֪ҺͺӢԺ󾿾һ־ˣһжøӣӵ˶޷ˡ 
һ죬죬졣 
ʹڣӢĿڣĿʹڣжɢգȥҲһᱼ 
һҳһߵ㡣͵㿪ԭͷֲɽ̣ˮ㣮 
˵ˣҺ𣬴айϸϣҳԼĿ֮УӵĹʣģΰѺӢԼ߸ߡ 
֪ſڳԼϼһһ콫ˡһҲϸԼȥҪֶãֶֻܼã֪Ϊ֪ҷѰ 
ϡǰһϸôȰңȻҲȰŵһֻӰ죬֪֮̾ϢĴԽˡ 
Բ𡣡Ҵͷɥ˵ţ 
⻰ԼǸ˵ȥɡһйʲô£ֻҪ֤Լҽ߳ǣĻȥͺáҲҺҶ˲ֻҪߣһڷеģϵҩҲ컻ģҪ˭ôȥҲǿǵѽǲˡ߶ţѷ˷ֿɼλá 
Ǻˣģҿĵ̾ҽµˣҲģܿͻߵġĴ£õ˵ĵطһľԻرô˵꣬ûп 
ΪӣٻҼ䣬ȴûڣãСӺֺýҿɲܣ㣬ɣ㷹ԡҲæ˿԰ҩ˵ҵĻش뿪 
ʵϣҿӰʧĵطʮָжǺˣøлҲøлϲԣһһθҿѡƽĻᡣ 
һɣúӢܲҵʯĳͷҲص뿪Ϊˣ޹ǵؽĸҵ 
ңƽƽһ 
ɣһһԼ˵ǿӲغЩŲµģɣ 
 
19 
˭Ҳû뵽ôͻȻһʯĳ 
ô죬ҵĶУѽӽ鱬ĳƲ֮󣬾Ϳͻĵ̰ӣǸҾĵˣΪληվУȵĵʲôջЩݸĺ⣬ҵҵ壮 
Ҳʼ˼һ⣬ҵļΪʲô 
ΪĲᱻۣҵ˽ڲȥǿἺĸ顣 
غĺʰף 
ʱƺ̫࣬ൽѸ㲻Լ뷨㲻Լ˺ 
ֻһǿ϶ģڶҡʾ޵ļֶҡˣòܶԺӢĸӦԭҡˣ 
ҽԼڴţʲô 
Ӣ棬ԼǱ˴˼䲻ûоѣȴԽŨҵ 
ƴȥ뼸Σ֪Һ֮ٱãʱĳиٹ̵ĸʵڵġ 
Ϊһǻ̲סȥͬһǽ֮ĺӢأ 
Խ뽫룬ȴԽ⣬ôܣôԣ 
ҰӢ氮ңأҵ飬ȴҲӲ˺Ӣҵİ⡣ 
Ҳ˵δңµʱҾעûʸȥӡ 
ұԼĶ飬ȴҲʹԼ⼸飬ҿˣҲ죬һʱһӣҾ֪ 
ҽУͼѣǣôҶǽѲ˵ġŶȻֱֱ´ʹײͷεذ֮䣬ǰš 
ҲãӢҲգҸóǵȴľᡣ 
΢ӢĽͷײţڵǰȫȫ˺ڰͬƺҲֹһ㣮 
󣬻Ҳǿհ׼䣬ҽʶԼˣ޵úܴܴĺӡ 
΢΢΢ 
ҲǴҲӢҵĸȾҶҲ˵ǻһҺڰƺѪ⣬ֻǷֲ壬Ѫҵģģֻ߶ǡ 
߰ɡҺ֮ǰҲѾйˡҰѲǰϵ˵˳ͼػԼȻһֱŲҪҵȴúӢ 
΢΢΢ 
ҿ϶֪ʹ࣬§ҵȴû˿Ҳ׶ֻûңִŵԴԺδֻһʹ˭ҲȲ˭ 
Ų֣ȴܷӵǾš 
ҿˣ§ţпһߣʱΪƣʱҲԵò԰˭Ҳû˵ֻǽŰˣ 
㰮ɡ 
ɣ̫õĶĤЩŽܵӢ˼ȻӭӳĽӲ 
ôʣҪһ˿һʹѵìܿҵǱ 
һǺĻشǡһ֣Һĸ֮ʵڲΥ 
λ 
̾ϢǿʹǲŭҲҲԼֱ粻˰ɡ 
΢ߣ벻֪ģ벻 
Ҳ֪һֱż䣬ָҿı飬ҲҸҾǿشĸʱͿҵʹˡ 
֪֪֮Һģ͵ˣߡʲôҲҪֻҪ㡣һĳǿʹȴǼ֡ 
ĸأô˵ԶṶͬѡ˸𣬾벻ҪѡҡóĶ˵Żѻ 
ҵû취ԺӢ湫ƽѽһȴܽܺӢĸ֪һΪĻǽڰˣؾĽڡ 
ĬڰɬЦš 
ƽңͺӢ档żĳ͸ʵҲϣӢŲ£ķŲˣΪʧļ䡣 
΢˽α˶ˣ 
˲ɱġպԼԼլӣΪΪˡ׷Ϊɱ֮𣮣ң 
ӢĽҴߵĿɬŨԭֻᣬǴˣҲΪҰԣҲܰӢ森Բܰѽ 
΢ұܷ𣬵֣ԸйʲôҲ룬ʲôҲ͵ڷǱʲôˣһӶ㡣 
ͻأĻҺѡ 
һӣһƬӣҪҸˡ 
΢Ҵûǹ㡣 
 
һһ飬Ӣ˵Ļڶ߻ţȴ޲ 
ķˣĲƽ磬ֻΪôһű˲ܰˣɵƿֻƿٳ٣ĸĳ᲻á 
ǣ§úýƲֻԽԽӽܰȴ˽ӽӽֲһ 
̲ס̧ͷ 
бˣʹ࣬ȴǲزסڲȥİ˵ı̫̫ͬĶڼҲڷ֣ϲҵ 
Ҫһˣ߰ɣ˵ǧ˵૵š 
ȴҡͷҲڣҺӢľͲڡ 
޻˵ֻһΰҳϢӵ 
ҵ˫𣬲ͻסıǴ֣§ң߱˵һ黽ţ΢΢΢ 
20 
֪ˣձʱβͻʱʱ޵ز䡣ǰʱ⣮ 
ӹúƽţҲǾҵϸĶӰǺˡȻܹԣźܼ񣬵ǸһƽЩҩģɹһ졣 
ΨһƽߵǸˣһкݺסˡ 
Ӣ治ٶ˵Щ׵ĻʵϣĻ٣ΪҲ̫˵ԾĬ 
ȴϰߣұϴĶȣΪҸϱĶᡣڵʱ򻹺ãҹ˯ʱĸдңÿÿҪᣬסˣһһ潫ҵ֮⡣ 
ʹ£ñ˴˶ʹ£ȴľˣ˭ҶǰǺǲỹǱʲᡣ 
ˣȴԽԽųӣ 
źãľ𣿳׶֮ʹӻƽ 
ֻӢ濪ʼᣬƽҲˡ 
飬ȴƽ࣬ż뵽ҲѾ˫ɶԣѹϢһ㣬ȴҲԸȫȫΪףԸҸƽңֲ̫˼ 
֮ʱһһҹҹҲҲ 
ѹȥžҹ컨壬˼ɻƮɢȻһƹ¼ŵϢںɢûյ㣮 
ǵ𣿽ǵһμӡ 
ұӢһΪˣΪȥȻ뿪кû뵽Ǵ 
̲סȥ۵ıˣҿٰ𿪣Լ޳ȴѪᡣ 
ǵ˰ɡûлش𣬾˵һּΪįһҹȴһҲΪݶ飬㣬Ư崿õһ㡣 
βôҵϣҲһ£ּܳܵģҡͷҲãҲǸ˽ƽˣһѾ㲻ϴˡ 
Ҫ˵òãңʹ˵̾ϢȶĲһ˱ʹҵİԹû䣬㻹Ǹ㣬㲻ģһûɵ㶼ұͳ˺ҾͷһҪҸֻû뵽ΪԼ㹻ҸʱȴѾʧȥʸ񣮣 
ˣˣҲȥȥˣĺӰزסÿÿʰҪʱʧ޴롣 
Ҹӵسû죬ȻҲûĺӢ뿪ĽŲ֪ڿңҲҲ뿴ñסԼ 
֪˶ãҸе˴صĶȻ˴ߣҲ֪Ҫʲᣬ֪ڵǲκһж 
ҽֱ壬ҸеĴ֣ӣḧҵĶͷĲֻ廹ģĲֻǼҲÿһ񾭣ʹȴֲȫǿơˣʲҲ壬͸ˡԼ¡ 
磬Űҽȥˡ˵֪ибĽţκȻص˵ߣǾʲᶼҪҷ֣ͬһ𣮣΢Ҳ뿪ңһ˵ÿһȴҵ׽Ҵֲһӱˣҵ۶ۣ˫۶ģġŴȻǵĶͷҲһʱ𣬡᲻㣬ʹˣȴǷŲ֣һǲ뿴ÿǿסӣߣģ΢ЦĻԸڰؿ㣬㣮 
㲻ҪӺòã治֪ǷģǷҵģΪʲҪҿߵĳԹû˵꣬һ£ҵɴۣȥƿȥܾҸʲ̬ȥӦԣʱǾֹһ㣬ȵʪǣǵʱʹ˫룬ĸʹ 
úϢŻһصϣҴȥȡһ䣬ʲҲû˵ҲΪͻأһǽʲᣬʧ 
ڸʧʱ򲻿뿪ȴӦµʱͷҲصˣ 
ҲΪղŵ¶ȣŸܷĴ˿̵ȴ޴˺ܾãŻζл˼ 
ҪȥҽţȻ뿪֣Ҳһֱңȴ϶ҲǲǻصߣΪͷҺͺӢȴעΪҵ˲еĺۼҶҵĺۼִס죬ȻῪʼɺĵĿޣҵĿ޽ûõֻԼԼѣ 
ұӢ汳ڱϣ˴һҹǵطӽһ𣬵ȴκʱǿҡϿʼ𴲣ͷȥԷΪҰһ,ȴ˵һ仰ƽʱĬӱͬ棬һұġ 
ҵĺãĺʹӱһܡĺ˽žȴҲڲ֪˰ɡ߬ȭͷû˵һֱۣΪԼҹĿ 
ѿţźͰҷӢıڣǸ߾¡һͻȻ˵ 
ûпڣȴĬˡҲ֪ԼӺѿֻƤ࣬ҴδԼﶼǳªġ 
һܲټͿˡǻȥԭĵطǼ̼£ѡġ֮ǻɵСҲɡһ䣬ǿҶҶġ 
ԾûиκλӦΪһпѡ¶ҳãȻˡʲᶼȥ֣ʲ᲻÷ſ¶ģжá 
ҵĿҲǱɵ˶Ϥˣ̾˿ٶ˵ 
Сӣ׼ûҺͰԶˣһ 
Ӣһ£¶Ƶͷ 
һϵеı֣ʹʡ 
ã 
ҾʲҲ֪ˣǿķۣҲͬΪ֮κ 
ƶȴѹļŪһֻƽʱ졣 
֪˶ãһѣ֮ᣬ֪Լˡ 
ˡǺӢͬҿ˵ĵһ仰һȻۡҵȥĵطһվһĻ 
أһܣ̲סˡ 
;оͷˣˣǲȥӲؽͣǿѹ£ͬŻһ㡣 
ЦĵȻҲۡ̾һһ£סһĸӣһжȴδúлĸӡ 
ллǣҵͷþ֪ܲһҪںΪԼҲ֪һ᲻ص 
ץʱ·ɣҽסǣ 
˵ʱЩң֮ĶԹ 
ǣβʣ޷ƿ硣 
˵ɡ˵֮ᣬͻȻͷҡ 
ЩϲЩԥڴҵȻܿҲһû֮ȡᣬԼкصĻᡣ 
ʵˣڸղżʱͻȻѡ񣬶ãȴҲҲʹѡ񣮣 
ǣ߰ɣ֮ǰ뿪ɽȽ׵ģһ취ҽȡ˵һһʹṦһߴҿƶ 
ȻƣûֱȥƺࡣֻС¾;ÿģҷϣϢͻȻһ˺ѵʹֻˣҸǺã 
21 
һʱ䲻ľǻһķûսĺۼ֪ǵжδʵС 
ƽİɣҲʲطǷ뱨𣬲Ƿһֱ飬ǸҹȥڰҲһˣȫ죬Ҹ 
һںδȫΪˣ˿ңھǵĴСĿ⣬֪ƣѰǸҲֵֻ֪ҽ 
һһ񣬺ӢҰһջЩСˡˣҲǶˡǰ̻һس˵жƭ˵ġΪеŬΪңΪĺãŽɽܡ 
ȻõϢھǣҲʲطŪˣҲˡ̾˵ͻµףٻصԼȥա 
ҵκȣҸеķ룬ؿҡ 
ⲻǡ£Ѫһҵûû˵ĸʲᶼãٹˣtǴУૣұͷȥӢ棬ֻͻȻúܱˣֱˣÿһ춼ڣȴÿһ춼Ӿ硣 
ЩҲҵӺǴʧҲ˾ȴʼҾѾڻǲҪģΪҵƶɽ£ȥһ̣ףЩҲΪҵҵҵֻʣ㣮 
Ҫ˵ˣ㲻Ҫ˵ˡǲһģûɱ˺ˣҲһġѾҲԭȥֻʣ޷ȥԵɡ 
ҷŵĻ𡣺ĻպǶԹԼŵģΪľΪˡȻߡ㲻ΪŲİɣţΪʲŪˣҾˣƽ̫ƽˣҡͷЦЦɬֱȿ޻ѿ 
ҵͷĺܹݰɡûкط꣬뿪һֱͺӢһҲǻమϡ 
ڣҺͺӢӦòаڣҲҪƣֻܿơ 
˵ʲᶼûˡ㰮ȴܰ㣬ҺʹģңҲԼɡ˵ؿڱ̴һʹ 
ɱأû㻹ᰮ𣿡 
ӢͻȻĻŵˡ 
ҿ㾯ζſ죬ȴʲҲ˵Ҳ̵̫ζҵ飬Բŷֱ粻˵⻰ʱġ㲻ɱһֻ˵һ䣬ȴ 
ɬӵøŨ֪ɱһΣȴ㺦㡣ҲɱΪ㰮 
һҵ˴ǻߵʱ벻׶УĻڶҵĿߡ 
ʲҲû˵Ҳϣ¶Ҫ뿪ڡ 
֮һκġ첻ˣҷطϢ˵ûȥϻûķˣĿ֮£Һᱧ׼һط 
ڴʱˣһȫȻİһԾ𣬾ٽֱɨҵĺӢĺ 
ſֻ˵Ϥҽŵسȥİȴһ˫ϤۣĴʱʢŭۡ 
˿ͣȴûнг²ݵݣЩ 
ͷ־ҵļռ磬Ҳŷ֣ʹΪ˺Ӣʹʱһʱ̲˼˵ġ 
һ˽⵽Լ飬ʹĹȶ飮 
㣮ӢƺҲӾݺݵص 
ܸܵһƣҲ֪ڲԶԭһͬѾ׼ҪʱӢˡ 
Ǳ 
µҲ·ֻǰҡ˵жʹ࣬¾ԲСοҲ˶ڣӢҲܵ˺ 
һ£Ҷ뿴ֻŬԼ侲ָɸꡣ 
ߣˡǵʱǰѱεɱҵǰԶӣԶǶǰǸСӣزס£زס㣬ѡ 
򼤶ʪ֪Ϳʧ̬ 
侲㡣¶ġҺӢסŷ뿪ջͶ˶Ŀҡֻ˲ü˵ϸ΢ĶǱѱҿǽҽʦĺ׳ʹ˸ɫ 
ԷϿ˹һЦ˵ᣬᡣһջ 
ۺͺӢһִңʣۣҲ˲ѾϤ˺Ӣ֪֮֮ 
ҲȥɡҶӢ˵ƳӲ 
ʲỰҲû˵ߣ¥˻ϵ̾ϢģҲҵģǸ壬ȴںϳһ塣ʹκʱˣҲֻ֪֪ 
22 
Ӣ潫ҷڴǰȱĽ뽩ӲҵĶСᡣ 
Ըˤ£Ҳɡ 
û뵽ġʵұ뿪ӢҲȥġˣܲҽã֮仮¾㣬Ȼʹ࣬ҲΨһѡķʽ 
Ȼϣҵѱͬʱװ˵ҲһӢ档ҸûʸκһߣҵѡԶ룬벻ͬǵ⣬ٿ뿪 
һὫԶĵףȴǻὫҵҲٳΪ 
ԤĳִҼƻЩƽĳɷݣ˵Ķţ̬̫࣬ʹҲᱶ 
ҲҸӢΪѰҽҹӦ뿪ģϣߵĻ 
һκ˵Ūˡ̾Լûı״ 
̾˿ȴرӢǿ¡ 
˯һ°ɣǸ˻ҪɣҪȥ,ٶˡӲ˵ΪҸ˱ӡ 
ĿϾͰҽνţҽѡҸףΪ̫ңŻ᲻İҽκˣŲ 
ҿȴңĲһЩʹѵ 
ԥ˰ΣΪʲ֣ȥյΪҵĶӾ޵Ľ 
ҵʪˣ̾ϢԿصй㣬Ϊ࣮ҵɳƵģɬȻġ 
Ը⣡˵̲סŤͷңǻŨί㲻ҡ 
ֵҲҿˣΪ㲻ҡ 
µҲҲǺѵˡҵѲרһҵͷܲӦõضһӢˡ 
ҿԶԼ䣬ȴܶԺӢʵҲ˵Ҳ˵ 
΢㻹ǰԲԣõĬ֮ᣬʡ 
ҵͷһƭԼƭ 
ˣ͸һɣֻҪ־ͺã 
Ļ϶ûᣬ춻ݵӲʣȥʲʪˮԼ۽ڣҲҵˮ 
ӢһӲȴҵʱᡣ 
жᣬᣬһ̣ʹʢۣҲζġ 
ü볷ԼԷϵ֣ȴһץס˼Σôұˡ 
Ӣ森ػѾˣ˼·ҲΪᣬ飬˶Ʈ뱧𣿡 
еԼĻŵȴһȻȻͻȻʶԼһܿµˣһ߿ӢԽܣһƺʶİռаݣˣĸ飬Ҿìܣֺ£ͬʱּʵ˼ޡ 
üɽѵøİҲҲ̫׵ûøŨʲ᣿ңǿǷң΢ǧҪɿҵֵĴƣȻỺңͦεıԵįηһСʲҲû˵ҿı飬֪Ǽѹߡ 
û뵽ԼԵĻᱻһ˺һ衣 
ǸȴͻԼӵûбˡʸ 
Ӣ森Щ£±ҵذȴΪᱻֻš 
ϢɣһظڷˣҲ뿴㣮᲻Ҫ˵ղɵˣңֻ뱧ҵİ΢ 
ȵ˵꣬Ȼ뿪 
Ϯ壬Һ̱һ㵹Լɵû¼ 
Ҳ֪ʲʱġӺӢ뿪ҵʶͼΪ硣 
һЩֵ죬ȴûȥоϸǵҡ΢ʱЩȡ 
΢ˣǲǳʲ£ 
ҲҿЩģЩնͻȻҴߣһѽ§ס۵Ŀʵ 
ҡͷһļΪϤζΪҵֱ 
طļУԭ볷˵ľı΢΢ȴǴġ 
ǵظԼһںӢǰԵԽһҲʧȥ˵Ȩ 
֮ľ룬Ҵ 
ûݡˣǺöࡣ۶ЩˡʪģҪ޳һ 
ʱĺԼкΪһδֱӺᡣ 
Ӣʹۣһġ 
΢ΪˣҵĶˡûһҹҲһһߴ綼Ȼɫˡҳ룬ûˣһʲᣬÿÿ붼Ҳ𰸡֪ˣһȥɽҽʦЩνĴҵط꣬΢ǰˣ찡ǰˡҡңȻᣬµ춶 
ɵϣûңкܶ㰡Ӣµʹ֮֮˵ǻۣǸģͿҪˡΪ滺Ťֻвͣͣ̾ϢŵԲԼЩ󳼣нҽʦҲûң㻹ȽҸ 
ҵĻҾȻı飬Ȼҡͷ˵ʲѽЩֻұĸ֣ҽʦжͬҵ㡣ȴҵ˭Ҳû취ģ˭Ҳû취ģ 
 
Ӣ˵ȫȻ 
Ѿ˵İ˺ѵòˣθȫ 
Ϊֿ򶯣ȴһеʹࡣҴۣ֪˵Щʲźá 
΢ˣҵĲԾ 
֪˵ЩʲеûĽĲɻ󣬿ҵĴȻȥʲҲ벻ʲҲ˵ڣֻǵͷ֣ľͷƵһʾҲûС 
Ĭƶĥ˵Ĭ 
΢ߣڡǲˤˣҸΣβҲչһӡߣڣϣ 
һֺܿأķʽĬ̧ͷۣѾʲ᣻§ҵֵңҲԸٷˡ 
컹ҪˣһҽĽŵģӢڶ 
ѡ ұ߶ͺעûݸ 
Ҹ죬޴Īؿʼ 
23 
΢ҲȥΪʲôǸɱǵһ𣮣ʲôʣֻߣ 
ҵĳɺԥȫͻȻұ𣬲ܾСҪߡ 
ȵȣ˵ 
ϸ룬гЩң¼Ļ䣬ȴҸߣҷҲںºͺӢֱҲûнʱĺȻԼ棬նҺͺӢ֮䣬֮ǣ浽ʵʱ̣Ҿ˺£ˣҲһ˿ 
գȫȻǶԼɵþ˲ᡣ 
ˣͣߵĲӡ 
űƿҿ˺Ӣ棬Ҿֹ֪ΪΪҡ 
ˣۺܱˣҲί˺Ӣ濴ʱӡˣΪ㲻ߣ㲻뿪 
ؾģԺܿ˽⵽ҵ£ҵȥ񶨣ȴҲΪӢͻȻڴۣû취ȥʲô 
˵ˣһʹģԼ 
ΪʲôСĿߣȴûзſҵ˼ 
컹Ҫȥҽνšˣû˿εúð΢ˡӢ۽ңҽΧĻȴǶ˵ġ 
˭һ氢΢ҵģˡԵƫִԴҡƵϵģԼ 
һ氢΢κýŵġִֵͬǺӢ棬ҲΪ޷ģҲվ᲻þʹͬҷ룬ܻôɣӦöұˡ 
ÿɱ֮⡣ 
Ӣû˵ֱͦƺͼ΢С𶯲⵽ȫʱ׼֡ 
ڿջһɢͷ֮С 
ôһҵǣҶһ˿һҸ߹Լ 
˵书ǺӢĶ֣£ЩΪĴܷŹӢ档 
״ҸԼЩʲôȴҲ侲 
ÿͱҲЩ˵ 
㲻ܴ΢ߡ򲻹ңҲڰ΢ǰ㣬߰ɡźˣصԲ 
Ӣ˿ӦûЩǵİɣΪңͻȻܿɳܵˣⳡ˵Σ 
ɷϣںӢ棬ҿǷ̫ࡣ 
΢ΪˣһΪѰҽνšȴáҵΪţ˵ĲŲңΪʧȥҡ 
û취ָĲֻۡ˻Ҫòã 
ãããΪʲôôΪʲô벻ΪʲôҾͲܴͯſǻĻǡǡֳеĴίΪһɴ߱Ӧȴѵ 
ҵ᲻ԿţѷֲΪΪίȫĺӢ棬Ϊ˶з˵ 
ⳡʹĶҪʱϾѾ޴֪ˡˣӢˣȻ 
ǲҪˣˣҪˣһˣߣߣʧصغţأ˵ıˣʹʬζԵõ⡣ 
ֵǺ˼ 
˵ĵĸֻ⺺ܹһ 
ӰһĶɨҰһˡ̫ϣЩݣŲң۳಻ͬȡ 
ֵش𣿡 
ͷһѵſеҽ 
ǣҦҽʳɻǺӢ棬ҲһЩһѰ޹ҽԶ 
ˡҲãг׷ɱǶ׼˵ģСͽǽƴʵ͵͵ǽջǵǴڽΪ͸ڿе˼ 
볰ŪĻҺͷҿ 
ҦҽſеҦҽӢȴʱȴţԵ˷ܶ 
ţˡҦҽ˵תҪȥ 
ȵȡҲãֻҽȡӢŵ̬ΪٿӣЩᡣ 
ҦҽҵǰûֱӿңǶأ 
ʲôƺûн״׵ 
ɵСӣ˵ǱǸβأ˵ãҿɲΰ 
һЦӣЩߡӢҲãҲãƽ֮ȴһٶΪǡ 
Һ޺޵صȴƻЦš 
ң˿ңĿ⽥üᶨκ 
ҲֻκҦҽԵ 
ã㡣 
ĻҳԾ֪ݵĺӢȻҲʧ޽гһӣһδˣȴΪίˡ 
ӢⷬΪҵԿ 
ã˽ҵʹĵҦҽʦȴԵʮֿģȻˣҪ˵̬ȣ¸ɡ 
ûϵ˹ݵҪѵݺݵЦˣαΣˡҵõҪĲǵҪҽûǣҲ 
ҵܴ󣬿ҲܶӣҪȥˡ 
ûϵʱǰЦøӲá˼ңзϵεȴҡѵô˼ˣ߰ɣߣһ٣ҾͲˡô˵ŵʱߡ 
Ծͷ֮ʣֻӢཻһɫһȥ 
24. 
ҹɫµĽϺ壬Զи죬ʱʱҹļž 
ߵЩӢ֮ǰʱʱתһۣЩرߣҲһҿսе 
Ҧҽߵ·߾ҺͺӢѰһԷ飬ʲ᲻ѵϳҽңϸҲǴˣȴһ㶼˲ 
ҵĽˣֽȥδӣѡ񣮣 
Ķһ֮õ֮ 
ҵнͬһеûɶԼѡ 
ˡҦҽʦ˵ʱǽ²ǽԶĵطˡ 
һȦդһĶأһСݣ˼ĽȷǶصҲѹҺҶ·ȴûѰط 
ҼҡҦҽƾɼªķƺΪԵã˵ҫһ㡣 
ĸ㲻ʲᣬҲûȥ⣬ֻССӡ 
ʦ˴ˣЩϤ 
Ҷһŷ˾̽ʹĳҩ̵ⷼǡ 
࣬ǿҲҦҽС߰ˣҲ벻ҽͽܡ 
ףһˣҺǰᱧҵߡ 
Ǻءһеġ֣ȴȫһ϶˦˥ܾ࣬ûȤĶˣԴ˻ҦҽѽһӣҲкǣȳӢ 
߰ɡЩض˵ƫƫû 
ҦҽĽţӢؿѯʡ 
ΣҿΡһΡε𵥽ţҦҽһؿңƺҲһȤ 
ˣ㵽ʲᣡ֪ĵѣ̲סŭȡ 
ʦ˼ˡϰߡͽʦȰ衣 
ѽҴӦһûӦ޳νšҦҽ죬ĺӰ 
Ȼǰ׸ҪǮ۱ǣƴҲܳ㡣ƺҲЩסˡΪӣΪҪһͳҵˣǹݣΪңͱˡ 
ǰҪٶУֻҪκĽšӢҲϡ 
Ǯұ׷ɱֻܶСɽҪǮʲᡣҪҦҽʦòмĿ˵ؿӢģ 
ҲˡʵⲢȫȻΪǶ̫ãҲſʼ°ѽκáΪ˲Ƕ뿪ǵĽھͲˣһѡû︨ҶԶѵġ 
Σͽˣˣ߰ɡ 
Ҧҽǹ˵ģҿóѾҲҽε飬Ҳ˺Ӣ뽫κõǷС 
ҪʲͿɡҶӦ𣿡Ӣ潹ǵ˵Ҳѵ˼ޡ 
ӦˣǱ߱˲ϷֵСأʲᶼӦ𣿾ҪǵҦҽ¶ЩϬĹâҸǼ١ 
һۣҲǳ飮ĽűΪ˾ҶˣֻҪܺãʲᶼӦ 
ǸʲᣮΣ޶Ȼᡣ 
ãˬ죬ҾϲˬСӡⲡһʱ뻺εúõġһ꣬Ҫһʱ䡣ƾʲỨһľװ׸ҽΣɣͽҲˣѧҽҲЩӣɽֵҸı¶ûӡҸνţһ꣬һ׼뿪ͽ룬ԵҩʲģҶ 
Ҧҽ㿪ˣȴȡ֡ҩΣοҪһʱ䡣 
ӢͬҵĳԹδ壬ҵǣңȻ׳ог¡Ϊҵ̫ãƾʲỹҪһꡣ 
ǻشҡͷҲˣӢ棬һǶȻһ뿪ӣ˭Ҳˡ˵ú棬Ҳϣܹ˽⵽ҵ档 
ǵ֪Ƕҵ˼ƫƫһҲûҵԸ 
ãҴӦ㣬һҪκĽšӢ˵ʱû˿ҡ 
Ҳǣһֻ꣬Ҫ΢ǰһ֡ҲûеƬ˻Ӧ 
ҴûлɹǶҵİȴϲӵһ죬Ϊңѳޣ׳־һеһжᡣ 
Ƕԣһ꣬ҲǲϵҡͷҲҪҲҪǱңҲҪ 
˵˲㣬˵㡣ȻҸΣǿ಻Ҫ˵ƾԵΪʦд־ݣҪǻѺҦҽҵķԣһζһҪ 
Ҫ޷ŵǣңҲܲˣҵܸɴǩ־ݡ 
Ӣ森ֲϲһǾͽ˳ƷˡãԴϲԴϲ 
ҵֻҦҽԴϲֻǸͽˣȹһ꣬Ǳ˴˾޴ʹ밧 
ظҵͷʾΣӢҲϵһҿͶ΢Цҿġ 
ǲ֪Ÿ򽣴ģ 
̾˿ҲⲻǵĻʲᡣ 
25 
Ѿˣȥ˯ɡô˵ΪǰסҦҽλʦЩͽԵ 
˵һӣƫƫֻһſ˯Ĵ 
סĵطľݱû䷿һøǺˡҲˣȥ˯ඣԵô˵꣬Թȥˡ 
ε˴۵Сۣһʱ䲻֪Ǻá 
Ҫͬһסһ꣬ҪǻҲûʲô֮Ĺϵ̫ӣӵҺĹ 
ȱȰ΢ϴˣҪϢ 
ֹһĳĬ֮󣬺ӢȿڣĻǶ˵ģȴֱҡ 
֪˵ƲƣҷϴĶȴԴŶ䱦һС 
֮΢úϢһ°ɣκ֮ǰ˭Ҳ뿪ˡӢ߹ΪҷⷿΨһı̣ʵŭӣô˵ 
Ǻοࡣ̾һֱһۣ¶ɬЦݣӢ棬㲻ҵĳ𣿻̫Ķ㲻Ӧ÷ŵµģޣ£ΪĽҽʦΪң 
ֵã 
ͬӦδ˵ĻʱǷĬĿࡣ 
Ҹرͷȥǣȴû취Լһʱ֮ɸӣǵشС 
΢ڰǰҾ͸㽲Ϊ㣬ҿԷġӢô˵ 
ҲһȻҷŲºޣͳ֮䣬ǸҪģԼҪʾضʰס 
޿κǶҵУжȴҲʹΪѡ 
û취ӦеκһѡĬԶԡ 
Щϸ΢죬ڵŪʲôòøµ˯ 
ΪūЩͷʲôĿҲΪ壬أҲӢжʱҲùиǽʳźӰɣǲԶʱʱܵΣвҽʦƴЭľչţŲûϳԵʲôͷ 
ȴΪȴҪ̫δ֪Ŀѡ 
̾˿ԽϵõǵԽǾˡҵİҵƺֳ룬ܻӳȫ⣮ĵнʧȥʶһ˯üȣΪ޷ƽ 
ʱѴҷЩǰľĿɿڴ 
ǺӢ˭ûзʵϣϯضţǸо̫ޣСŻ 
֪ΪҵĹϵҲﶼʹŶԷֻһҹʱ䣬ͳȴʼδġ 
ǸʲôʣǾʹ˶ 
ûʲôһЩֵĬǵ۴ӶԷ뿪ƺʲô֪Ƶġ 
Ҳ²˯ŵʱǲйʲôִʲôΪʲô֪Ҿ޴֪ˡ 
̾һκӢ潫Լӱƿ֪ʱȥֻΪҴϴõˮ 
µ׵İӢ涼һչҵӣʱѽҲӦҪҵСΪæµˣҼ޵ݡ 
ƵĲζû˵ֵĳĬ֮ӡ 
Сӣû˾͹ҿĽšҲˣҿɰСͽںԺСҩء 
ҦҽͻȻ룬ؾԻԽԽŨĽ֡ 
ȥǿҪȺӢһƵؽұ 
ҲȥӢҲټʧȥƽʱ侲ȣʾĺƵظ˵ 
ǻûֹءˣСӸңǿȥұͽҩʱҦҽô˵ŵʱһּٶȣңӢ涼Ծʱ򣬽ȥš 
ҡҾͰݰˡֻǺЩѡȥæǵİɣҲһµġյ˲ߣҦҽô˵ϷŪˡ 
ҵһۣЦø̧ͣߡ 
ʵϣ˿Щ̫ˣĽžͽҽŲѡ 
ǡֻΪͷڶˡҦҽƺҵĲͻȻһֵĽ͡ 
ͷ 
˯ó֪ʵǰﻹиͷ·̵ϿԵ˯ͷӦˣͷǳ˼ۺ죬˭Ҳ˭ŲţΪͷǾ͸ɵһҹǺЦˡҲˣͷŹѹֶ˼ͬ㽲 
Ҧҽ꣬ﾹ滺˺ܶࡣҲǺӰľٶҶݾԻ࣬ȻʵпᣬЩȴ˼ЩʵС 
Һ˿ԸΪС³֣ҲǱסȫʹա 
ҸǣҦҽΪʲô֪ô 
Һɵţһ·ӣһܵЦ⣬⣬Ҳǹһҹǲǹáգ۾ӣΪ˿Ц˷һ 
Ұһۣ˵ʲôһѨλͼŸʽӣʼҵơ 
㲻ɣֻҪ˼һÿգһ̲סҪԷΪеˡ 
ʵ֤ҵĵĲǶ࣬ʱҿ̱ߣһѵӡӢҲòȥɫ԰ףͷһһԲ 
ȫΪҶܵĿ֮࣬࣬ݺݵұΪǺ˵Եȥ 
Եȴһ޹ң˵ԵҩģȴƵųԣһһԵúݣڱƴ˭ƵġغˣֻҪһͺã˼˼ġұûãҩԹأûǴˡûˡ 
ԵһϯͷҲãҩҲգǻɵľٶҲ񲻵ȴҲֹ۵ľˣܱһʹѹ֣Ȼĵú̫ࡣ 
Ҿ֪ǶԵģȤ̫Ȥˡ 
֪ӦãҦҽ̫ŵЦȾΪ㶶иǣȻ󣬾ΥЦɢ 
ҸȵǣҵЦǿͬһʧЦݵĴˣҲЦܺÿЦӺȴҾЦݡ 
䷹ñЦռݣ־Ҳϵģƽֹͣסĵʱܾʹ˾ֹ 
26 
һȥֻԭӦȫ˵ĽȻչĺȴҲһЩһµʱ䣬ҦҽȴܹվȥԶˡ 
һܵ飬ԴͺӢ΢Ĺϵ 
Ҳòϣ鲢ûô㡣 
ҲˣҵĽҪһôʱľҲԳٻܶ࣬ҪȥԵȷʹ࣬Ļںǲ̫أѻìʻһɵһǺһ㳳֣ʲôҪʲôҪΨྴ˭ʸߵ⣬ֱᣬĽҷ˺ܶ࣬ҲҸӸж 
һЦҲȳǹɵƫƫûп޹ 
żԼ̫飬ʵǵӲùԵҽʵиҽ֮ͽţҪΪҽ·һ㡣ΪͺӢûܿͷһۣûпȥҲԭǿȵӹһ֮ǰֺܶࡣ 
仹ʹ֣ȴʱ޿̶ˡ 
ǻԳ֣ҲΪԾǰ಻̹ԡֻҪΪ̲סЦݣֻĬͬʱЦš 
ûô޹Ź̵ֿҦҽˣʵҲٽҽΪˣҸøлģЩʵĵȴػ֮ɬľ 
ãȫˣԶˡ 
ұҦҽָʾʵ֮У˿˽һʱҲˣԶ˶ӣЩĵŵĴԺͷмӣҦҽ½һģרΪԵ뷿ҲͺӢݡ 
ҿóҦҽ۰ԵʱܾŷĶԵ֮ĹϵżῴԵҦҽʱ׽͸ʣֻԼ鶼ûдƵңȥʱ˵˽£ҲܵؾòӦʡ 
İɣԵѨλͨһӿЦͣʲôġҦҽһź룬һߵ㴩ҵ¡ 
Ļ𣿡Ұһۣô˵ŵʱûһĶ⣬Ҳס˵ˣԺ󶼸Ĳˡ 
ΪܵĿԶԶˣ̫ 
֪ĻĻҽѱʱʱֵʹұۣû˵ 
ôȲȲ衣˿ҵʧ䣬ԹԵʡ 
ҡͷҲûǿΪԼһӦøлҵġ 
ĪĻҲȴֿҵ£˫ɢۣʵϬعͷ 
̾˿Ҳô˵̰ģһ껹Ǻö̡ 
ҵĻЦı飬ͻȻҳΪνʱû棬ҵȻ֪ʵ࣬ңѾ˷ʱˡ˵龹ǽҳԾį 
Ҧ磮Ҳ֪ȥ˵ʲôΪҸʼĩûзԵȨ 
΢˵ʲôǽԴϲĽأ 
ҲָҺ֮䣬Լľһǿ϶ģʵԴϲǺѵġ 
̫ʵʣԲԽ˶ʹ֮С 
ô˵ʱЩָζȫգȴˡ 
ԵĻܰöáĻʡͱŪ˵Լҡ 
ЩȷʵĵĹֺγ˺ҲǶѡһڽԼΪԼһУ̸ס־治һѡһ֮ġ 
ǶҲ˽һַʽûȥңһʹԼԼұǸ䲻ǵˣ 
ѽ˵ˣ⸱ģҪˡȥ߰ɣ˵չıԤû졣 
Ҧҽҳҵţ԰һıϣҷǿŶɿҵ֣˿Щ 
֣ܲվ£ˤһܲʱʹ 
˵ЩİοĻҿЦãԼ֡ 
ʵΣʧˣˤȷС£ϣʧʧȴĲܡ 
ɳ֣һʱЩȣһ˻Σƴо񶼼ڽϣȵ 
ۿԼ֮ļֿ࣬Լȵȴ֧˫ţΥԼվĸоһ˲Ĵ㵹󣬲޳ 
ںΣԭֻԱֻվ鵽˾޴ϲá 
Ӣ棡ǿӢ棡ҵ˼һҽţЩؽš 
ԵרǼűͻȻ򿪣ֱۺͼ˳˳Ϊֻʲôʱһš 
ʱţƺԵñһϲ 
ҶЦЩʪͻȻȸղŻ˵ϲãͻȻظܵһɲǱܲɷָˡ 
΢˲ͬͬĲ 
ǰһҲ˭ԶԷõĳֱֱϣѵֻǿûе¡ 
˵ӵǿҵϲã˳ҵģҵСӡҳȥķȴϺӢͬ޷ƽϢĲ 
˵ǺӢ棬Ϊ˱ˣ˲һ˵ģģÿҵĽһֿҲ˵ģҾһҪԭ 
ι룬뻹ûΣ 
ԸлҦҽˣлŲΧҵССҸΧԵ˽ݣ԰ӵĿռˣҲ֪ҦҽĹ£ҵĹݣҲ֪ܲܽԴϲֻܸϧÿһ̵ֽϲȴԵøƽ͵ĵΡ 
һ̫꣮ˣ 
27 
һʱѾȥķ֮ҾԺӢһѡ 
ˣϸոշ飬ʵ˽ʹڵϣ֧壬ڿǰĺȻѡˣȫȻɵ£ȵ˺Щӡ 
һССϲùͻȻʼ£شϣ岻ɵЩð亹 
ףζʲôζôʱĹʹ˽ȴǵĽһ˶ϣ˶ȫľǣͱ֮ѡһ 
˵ҺͺӢ沢ûȷϵ˼֮ףѡȻ 
ӢΪĺϣй֮޲ҶĸҲ൱û취ΪԼľȻȥӡ 
ǻ˺ĵʹ 
ͬҲŲǰǳȻװ⣬ÿÿ˵ңÿÿ§ͷǷ밲ľٵġȻǶҳϣ 
һʱȷ̫̣˾ 
˺ܾãֱ֪ͺӢҦҽҩˡ 
ϸ룬һæУװ˯ 
ǧٸҲӦòԣȴû˵ϢҳԼųҺϲùԵľ档һ˺˽ǡ 
ұ۾ǿҪĳ嶯ǽݵ 
˵һðɡϹƫšƿţ𱸡 
ιңܲɵ𣿱˭סµģûġӢ治ط٩ 
ûң 
˵⻰ʱһСƵֵı顣ĳÿ춼ڳһʼЩǻ񻯣ڣҶһƽͣССҸ֮һ 
㣬΢˯ءӢᵽҵʱȻؽġ 
֪㿴˯ŵǺÿ̾Ҹоõҷ˿֣һĦľǵǳ 
ô죬ǿɶǿɺޣҾǷŲ¡ 
ת㿪ǵߣȴӲߵĸоӲ᲻µĵᡣ 
ֻܶ˵ѣԣ˵һӵĻѣϧʣģҲ¶ѡ 
΢ôˣصӡ 
ұԵһڴأԱ𿪵ͷҡͷʾûʲô 
ʦ˵ҪоҩŸνšˣôӦòôʹ˰ɣܲʹţ 
УʲôУţǻԵɵ 
ţҸӻţú̾Ϣһʦ˵Ҫɵõ¡ 
˵ʲôûáԵΣԽԽңЩ 
΢Ϊƭʦ𣿡ңڶԴһԶЩɵСһ 
ٴشͷԵҺܻˡ 
ΪʲôΪͬʱˣ 
ԵһѪԶԣֻеͷ 
΢˵Ҹ𣿡 
ҿô˵ŵԵЦҵĸоǱκʱĳ졣Ҳ̫˼ 
ʦĲǳˣֻǸտĳˡ 
Եҵ֮УԾɲ֪οڣֻܾ˵ 
ҲһڵǸ֪ԷǲܺɱʦġڵǸʦ޴ӱܵһ̣Ȼһ˵˺úദɡ 
ЩԾԵҲܼᶨеΣȴǳᡣ 
ʦǺˣõ֪Ҹβ˵ϻߡлɳˣǸ֮䡣˵һǲǾò˼飿 
Եɣҡҡͷ˵ 
ΪҲģԲԣ 
ĬˡȻԵݵЦˣʦʵڸϸǶǺˣ˺֮ǰѾԼ˵úˡ˭Ҫռ飬ǵÿҹ㰮˶վ̾ϢӣԸѡѵķǸ˳˽ķǻжԷԶ㡣ѡƽ֣ҪʦҲǸһ侲ʱ䣬֪һ죬ʦǸҲԭı飬һݿݻôҶҸҵ뷨İ취һ˭ã룬ʺ㡣 
ֿңһ󼤵ҵ£ҿªĶӦе˽Ķûô롣ǲӦΪˡ 
𣿴ҶΪ˰ҲΪʹͬʱֺγ˺ܶĥǺһֻҪʱѡȵ˶ͨѡ·ʱףҸԵҡҵļ磬ͻȻ൱űҳ̫ǡ 
֮һ޵֮ǰúøĵعɡһָƽյЦ档һ֧֣ҷȥܺãԿҸ롣ǳܵӺܿɰӦúϲģǲǣ 
ûϵԵǸƽҿЦŵͷװģءߡ 
ͷܳ㣬ҿɨѶԴ򣬸ֵӡֻͻȻĪж 
˵ҸҿɲڴǻкԵһԸί뷨Ҳ֪ԼӦԼɵķҲԵĻ̫ҵĵײƵؿʼҡССͬһĶš 
28 
˯бҡѣҲ׷ʲôӢѵĬعһصЦ 
ôˣ 
㣬ȥõطǲҩʱֵġô˵Žұ 
ӢΪҸϱһ㱻ұϮ㣬Ҧҽֿ϶һѣɵء 
֪ô˵иݵģһԸҳ˻Ӱ˵ĶҦҽݺһ١ 
ұţͺӢһŵ뿪Сݣɽ 
áһû뿪СݵҲɸ̾ 
֪ƻˡӢĵӶ˵ 
Щһǵ̬ȻģϿȥʱ򣬲ûڶԷѰһ˿ 
˿Ҳ̫ɣЦ⾹ա 
һ濪ġӢҺһ뿴 
ʼЦЦ˵µһ꿪ĶˣÿοЦҪָо 
ҵͷ֪˵ʲôźá 
һ쵽˰ɣĽҲҪˣϸ룬ڣȺһھǶصҲҪĺܶࡣ֪ĸԣҲŸϡ 
ұǴҧҧ֪ǶԹȥӵĸлǶδĲ֮ʮֲƽ 
΢ͬԥ֮ͬʱڻҡ 
̧ͷЦЦղźúõҲʧҪ˵ˡ˵кõطȥ𣿿߰ɡ 
԰߿㣬Ҧǲھ鷳ˡ˵űǰܡ 
һˤŰ΢Ӣ˹õغȵ 
ֲ㣬һ㾢ûС˵ܵø졣 
ʣ˵һ飮 
ЦǶۣһļ䣬˸ϧİݡ 
ɽϣɫЩݲ澰 
Ҿ̾⾰ãҺͺӢƽȻɵ԰֮С 
΢㿴Щľͷһһӵ˳źӢָʾҿȥȻԭｨһԼأ䲻֪ƻ;زۣȴ 
һƬ԰ӣһӡ 
ͻȻ׺ӢΪҪԭǵãƽ롣 
㿴Ե鷿ԣӢܵľǰұȻš 
ҿɵЩжЦš 
ĺġҸϧ㡣 
ͻĻһŤͷͬ˵Щ 
ʵҲû֡ҵĳĸ̫ŲµĶΪǷҽʦģڳŵԶһ֮׷ſ㣬ź¡ҲңǸʺˡ 
һͨԭƽʹ飬ҿ˿̣̲ס¶įӡ 
ҲǡһͳҪ֪롣һƬ԰ӣһӡԺ¥ǲҪġȴҸġ 
۵ػȴɢڻȻԴǡ 
źһ㣬ȴʧȥ˿Ժúðġһң¶ѿЦݣüͷˣ⻰ЦһЦȻҰǲˣҪѻˡ 
ͻȻʹԼֹؼʱ̵η˵οĻֻΪˡ 
ôˣӢСܻƺе㿴ղԣѯʡ 
ûʲôʱ䲻ˣǻȥɡҲһȥǿ񣬿˵ 
ðɡӢ˼ؿһҺ֪ϾģȻ˶ߡ 
̵·ϣʱĬ˺֪ܶ࣬ӢûҵĶһֱ̾Ϣÿһʹҵġ 
ڿ쵽԰ӵʱǰͻȻǶݵƽ 
ҽʦȻȣȻˣһġһ£ҲǸղһ԰ԴǵĹϵʱԸŮ̲סܵɽĲ 
ʶץӣȥˡ 
29 
磬΢Ȼ˼ĺϲ֪Щ޷ܡ 
ԭһˣԼѾױȴڼϣԷֻһ˵ֻȫʱұϾЩأֶһ޶ԽС 
Լͬרõȣ޵ݡ 
ΪʲôԵЩԾ 
ѽô㣬磬΢磬ǻˣҪɱǵˣСǵ˺ӢӣͻȻŵؽ 
ļȻǽܵ˲С˺ 
˺ǵġ̲ס溼Ӣ͡ 
⵽ǣҽʦҲͻȻڣ߽Ҳžȵط֣һֻ۴֣㹻ţǴ뺼ӢµķսУΪʧȥ˺Ķ 
һ˵ġȴ΢ȥץ֣ԥƬ̣ǰҽӢĻС 
̶̵Ĺ֮УҸоЩҲز 
Ӣ汧ңԥƬ̣뿪 
Щ룬Ȼǵķ 
΢ûµģĽδ֮ǰ뿪ġֲεˡУʲôҪ 
ӢذοԴǣҸжǵ۵׵У֪˺һܴû˵ڣȴҲһΪûĶˡ 
̾һԽʹԼ 
ڽСǰԾһֱͽҽʦǵķȥһοΪң˵ĽҽʦִҽʦǷŭĶϣҸеʹ 
ˡӢܸܵҵʹصסҵ߰Ҵݡڹŵ˲䣬ҵĴҳźӢʹһеʹΪҶΪ 
ƴԼ壬ʹغ޲ɱԼֱӢſǻ˻Žͣ֡ 
ֱҹûл 
һ첻Բȣ֪Ӣһʹ࣬ȴԵزҦҽԼԵȰ˵ 
֧㲵״̬»˯ 
Ǳ˵ѡ 
ҲˣȥȻȫĽˣ´߳ӣȥע⣬Ӧͬһ˯µĺӢҲС 
ԺվӰûȴкӢ档 
û˺ܴſ壬һ˾ǵǸҴ֮չ˹ҵߡԳӢˣƭ˵ΪӢٵߡ 
ֻ˼ǺүΪӢ˺ңûѾҪˡҪû뵽ӢҲѰˡ 
ү¶ҵı𶼺ҪֻҪɻʺּʾԻպһҶү 
ʲô˵ˡ߰ɣҸũס£ңȥġӢ治õشߵĻ 
ߴŵǵɫ뿪 
Ҳ֪ʲôֻǸе¡ 
ңӢ棬ôƽͿ֡ΪʲôһҪô顣 
ͷѹŽҽʦǻȥӢҲǷŲĳ໻ҵҴ˿̲⵽ԼһŲˡ 
ĽŹȻǺˡ 
Ӣͻأһԥ˰ΣһǴӰ˳ 
ʱ￴İˣԼӳԼı 
Һµˣ˭ҵơһ걾Ѿ̫ˣǽҹȴעȷ²⣬ǲԤʾһжõ˶ϵʱ򡣡Ӣ濴ң̾˿ 
ҡͷҪҲҪ˶ϣ˶ϲˡ 
΢ǻʺּЩ꣬ҶӰӲ¡Ҳ˱ٵļҵһֱҲֻҪҲͣһ֪պһ񵽵׶Ӣ˵ҿǼһʱ򣬲¿ڣܼ򵥡սͷ˸ˣʺҪ¾ɱ 
Ļһ󺮲Ȼһ֣˳һΣҲûɱٶҡͷҪ 
ˣۣԵЩʹ࣬պɱһңĥһ꣮˳𲻹죮ֻ֪Ҫɱ˶ϣȴô֪㰮ɱһӣҲɱʵҲǸˣ֪ıû߻ʺǸûʵֻۣҪɹҲҸģҲҵġҲ֪ǲǸ÷ſ뿪 
˵ˣӢ棬˵ˡҡͷ˿Щӣȴץס˼ͷ͵һֱֱײĻУҲ 
Ұ㰡΢ҲøκˣԶȫңҺ޵УҲעֻһ 
ǵģǵģҺӢĻĺֺ¡ 
Ҫɱ𣿲ԵģǲɱԲܣ 
Ҫ˺㲻Ҫ˺ɳе 
ǾɱҰɣʹ࣬Һһܳܡô˵ĺӢɿӵ֣תһ 
˲泯ķȥ֪ʲôʱˣվֱ㶵ӵǣˡ 
ӢͻȻһذף⳯Լ˹ȥ 
бҪɱ㣬ٴ֮ǰҸһɱҵĻᡣ 
Ҽ嵽֮䣬ȴͻȻҦҽסҲŵؿΪֹҡ 
ҲѲˣԽԽӰصһͻᷢɱҽһֱ۱Ҧҽţ̱ڵء[bl] 
30 
Ҳɱ㡣 
Ҳֻ֮У 
Ҳɱ㡣㲻ɱһΪ΢ġӹӢĵ֮ڵϡ 
̫ˣ΢˯ˣ֪岻áֵ쳣侲ƿӢ߱߶ҲԵЩ㵵ĺӢ˵ʲôǻ̸ɡ 
ЩԾƽЩ侲ҦҽʱſңһЦҾͲµľ档 
˾ݣһ·ҵһǰȫȻԼȫ·̡ 
ţûиߣǳĬŰϡЩУΪŵ£ұؾƭǡҲЩΪղЩ̼ 
ô˵ɣ֪ǻʺˡҲ֪֮ʲôף֪аѱ֮ϣ㲻ǻԼƵϵˡϯضĻǶźӢ˵ġ 
Ӻرʹһ˵ţӢƺҲָԭе̬ 
ͬ㽻׵£ӵеȨһΪ쵽Ȼ˭ɱ˭ɡ˵￴һ֪ۡͻ侲Ϊңʵϣ˵ֵʱҵȷ˿δйɡ 
ʲô˼Ӣ׷ʡ 
ĽתңõʲôɱͻʵۣҶܸ㡣ܲ΢һȣҵæҵѾˣǾǵˣʵǱһĵ°ҪһҪ˵꣬ӢĻӦ 
ҲŵؿӢ棬˵ʵҿܹӦʡ 
Ʒ͢ǷӣɱԼĸסӢô˵ţûдӦȻҲǾܾ 
ǸףҲɱĸˣЩұ׷ɱĻˡ㲻ᶮƺζġ˵ţĳ֮Ǹطʱӡ 
ΪӱȴǷŲ³޵ġҲòֻЩưˡ 
˭˵ҲӢЩߵغһƽ󣬲ֿڣΪԸ⡣Ȼɱ㣬ɴɱ˳ˣԼĳˡ 
ӦˡһǹȵĽţԽеѡ 
ɴſŵƻڵء 
ԭҲΪ˱𡣡̾һͻȻϧζȻֵؿЦǻ񰡡һΪһΪ΢ 
û뵽Լ̸ֳ۵Ľ㡣Ǳ˴˵ĽᣬҽⲻҲЩ⿪Ľᡣҵͷûȥǣʹȥʵϣۻˡ 
΢ 
ѾϰһĬ֮ͬʱڻңûпǣҲûӦ 
֪˭һ̾Ϣֻǹڳص죬˵̾ڻɡ 
˯ɡۣ΢ҲˡӢô˵ƽһᡣ 
ֱֻ۷ֱקסұϵϧЦա֣ͬʱͬ˵࣬ſ죬ȴδһ 
ұϣһµΪҸϱӵǺӢ档 
ƱϨۣȴźͷ 
΢ 
ڰ֡ 
ţʡ 
ջ֮ѡһɡܲܰľٻЩͻȻôҪ 
ش˺ӢüѡҲԾһһʱ䣬ֱ˳һ죬ʱѡߣ 
޷Ӧǡ 
Ǻܸ˲Ϊűκö֮˶ϣ˶ڲõĽսʵ֣뵽ҷķ 
˯ɡյ³֣ת壬ǡ 
˭Ҳûٿ˵ȴ˯ţҲ֪ǲǸһһһҹ˼Ȼƽõʱ䣬вһʱ䡣 
ΪһҹδߣʱŲס˯ȥе 
˵ҪȥͽҽʦǻϣӢҪȥǡ֮ҵǰҦҽԵªľݺͲ԰ 
ǵȻģ緹ʱüοԵҦҽ 
Ҫˡ󣬻ǺӢ˿˿ڡ 
֪ҦҽԵôݣĲ衣 
Ҧң 
ʲô˵ʵǽ첻ߣҲҪˡʵϣҲһҦҽô˵ƤһЦԵϵó 
ʲôͬĬˡ 
ҲҪˣȥˡԵҦҽ͡ 
ˣƺܲµ˭ 
ǸһֱڶˡҦҽЦݣеĽšĽȫ϶ҵܶϡ 
̫ˡ̫ԵЦףҸܹ١ 
ټ𣿡ҲЩᡣ 
ǻǷҶµءһģпҡҦҽ˿Ҳ¶һ˿᲻á 
һ߰ɡԵô飬õ˴ҵϿɡ 
߳԰ӣҺԵ̲סӵһ£ҦҽԭܲһԵԶǡ 
ֱǣҶڲͣ֡ 
ڽˣʧŨŨĶδ֪Ĳܡ̾һЩѹ 
Ҳ߰ɡЩ̣§˵ȻӢ棬˵õĵط㡣 
 
ݱӢ棬ǣǰȥ;̲ס峿ȥɽ£Ϊ̫ԶĹϵҿҸʧ䣬ΪֲľС 
ȴҵĻʲôҲ֪ԵҸȴԼҸĲǸܹЩԽԽá[bl] 
31 
΢硣Щ·һũҿջּͽҽʦ嵽ߣ͹ȥһС 
ҽʦȴûǷݿףƬ̣ʲôҲû˵ȻĥңҲûɫһһﲻ 
΢˰ɣȥϢȺӢͬǻϣһһѡ 
ȥͬء˵꣬һǣҾССջȥ 
ҿһۣûи˼㲻ٶ˵ʲôһٻͷֿͽҽʦΪʲô 
֪һΪҡ 
΢磬㲻ġսͷҾô˵ 
ûзϣҲϲˡ 
㲻ҪֵֻҪ 
ЩԾԭЩǿ͸ġ 
ҲġҵȷûԹ޽ҽʦ˼ֻҺλһûһ㸺ľߣкľС 
Σвгɡ 
΢磬磮ЩЩԥؿڣǲǱ˴మġ 
ҿ֪̹ϻشǣһǲܳܵסҲ޴ɡ 
㲻شҲֻ֪㣬Ҳһֻ֪Ǽ죬ѰĶˡǵǰŽͷ˼ӣҾһϷʹġǶʱҲ͸ˣҵı˼ˣ΢磬վҪʵ۵ģҪ߸ɴͼװݣǸЩԸ⣮Եҵ๫ 
ΪжĻĿɿڴԾСҲףΪʲôҪ޹ԼȫҺǣΪ̲סʡ 
ҡͷĺغΪ㡣 
ҾˣһֱΪǴοҺԽǻôҵķӳΪһֱôҲϲǸ˾ҡ 
΢磬ͦΪ¿ʼҾ֪ˡֻҸֻ԰ĺ㰮һ𡣡ڵĸ˹ԶҼᶨ̫˵ 
ЩжҲЩָۡоǶ߶ԺӢʹһֳ۶µõ˿Ц̫ˣӦٶһˡ๫Ǹȫİ㣬ԸΪ㸶һеˡ¾͵ûɡͯ飬ҲãҲգЩΨһĻ䡣ܽǲܹһԶҶ˵ĺá 
ЩʧؿңΪǻᱻǿޣû뵽ȴЦ󷽵عӵһ£漴֣ãҲܺðٱκεŮӶҪ׽㡣һܺһģమ˾һһ𡣡 
ķమ˾һһ𣿿ǺమˣҲһ 
ͻȻԼǰŮüǿҺܴҵĴһ 
ͻȻһһһѶǿҾͺӢˣһٶǨͱӻˡ 
ҺһӶЦͻȻʶҲҵһֺܡ 
ӢϹʱѾҹҽʦе⣬ĵȫĮӡһˣǺӢū壬سÿһˣƺͻȻȫΪʲôⲻĹơ 
һ㡣̲סھʱѹô˵˵⡣ 
Ұ˿ʼҾѾϰ߱˿ϳģЩҿԺԲơ 
Ϊں϶õˡ 
һ׼׵͵ʱӢһؾǣ壬ȥӢ£ﲼı׼ 
һͬҽʦ̸е֪͢ƳȨҲʧʱ䲻׳ʵȻҿ⣬֪սƽⳡսԺϵһˣһ⾰ 
һʱ䣬ҺͺӢǶǹһţҹȴһͷ˯˯ţڴշתƬ̣˵أߵߣƿֻССѿղͥԺҵġ 
ҵʧԽҲ鴦 
ҪǿûĿ˶Ҹ 
ҲͬԵһһһ캼ӢͬʱȴҲΪҵľĵߡǱƽңΪǸҵİ̫ 
ҽȥδӣû˵ɴˣҲֵΪί 
ɽѡҸ޷ȡᡣ 
Ҹô죬ҽ꣬ʹ࣬ҲѹȴҲһ;ֲͷյ֮С 
̾һڲͬԵĴһ¿̾ˡ 
ԭҲ˯ŵġ 
Ƭ̣ЦˣŨŨĿɬûЦ 
ˣ㻹ǽ˯ɡԺӵһ߶Һ 
أʣһ˻ݡ 
ٴ硣ӢôӦ 
ҲǡҲûйش˼ 
ҲȥЩǿӲ˵ 
˶ţȻԭҿ̫ҹΪĶţɿعȥˡ 
32 
սԤĺҪЩԳٶȽ 
صǺ㲻ƽҲãӢҲգ޲Ϊı鶫ߡ 
Ȼڲ֮ʱҲиʽ˺Ų̸Щʲô 
кӢ浹ĸʺϢ˲٣һ˵һֱûб 
ΪӢʼնûи߻ʺһֱ׷ɱҲʱ׼ɱ췴ĳﱸƻĺܺá 
͸¶󳼣Ͷһߣⳡսʮþȡ 
Һûиһֱңҵ̫įֻһ˵ҹͻȻûȥһ겻ӡ 
֪ȥȻȥǲ׷ص˵ˡ 
ҵ˵ʱһԤҹҡѣЩ˷ܡ 
ע⵽ԺеĻ⣬´˳ȥ 
Ӣһһ¾װվʱŵ΢Ц 
ҪˡҺô͡Ȼߵ˺Ӣߡ 
ǿңȻϣ˵Щʲô 
Щȴ֪ʱ̣ҵĹ۽ǿ񣬻һЦһҪŻ 
ôȷģǱȻʱô϶ 
һ˺ƺƵ뿪ҺŵԺеȺû·ԣⳡսɹʡ 
ʱһ˵ļŻҺ 
ˣˣʧٵ췴ˣѱƣҪ 
ҵȻ֪һζʲôǳɹˣֻһҹʱ䡣 
ϲĻҲǸˣ˱ȴҲ൱ĿɬҶԣһ壬һϵ˶ϣӲˡ 
ʵⳡսǶԣ˿ 
ӦŵҲͨı׵شʹ׵Яϣ׵رλӢ£ͬ׾ٵشõЩɵļУ׵ɱ˲Ͻģ׵رסԸ⽻ȨЧĹԱ 
һͷ׵ҹҴˡֳɹļҸͬܡ 
˰ҺӽʹһƬڣһζܵİһĸΪԹޡ 
ͺӢ涼ҺȾƣǿܿģͻȻһһһеʹϵԺ 
ˣžƱ˻УһԣЩЩΥ˭⡣ 
Ϊʣ࣬ŸҪ١ 
ҵͷʹӦ˯ŵ˲Ӱ 
ʵ㣬˽ҽʦЩϢȥ˸·ҪԳΪķ˶ڿз˾衣 
ûѪȵܾҹĿ񻶣峿Եƣ塣ûȥϢĶˣⳡսȴĲһĻʺնһϴˡ 
Щ̴֪źӢ˺԰һͤӡ 
ԶԶ㿴ǣ˹ȥЩ͵˵Щʲô 
ҪҵˣѾڿʱˡϷСǵַ 
ֽƬӢʱҵͷһǻֻû뵽ô졣 
лǵĺΪֹӢ˿ϣҿ 
㣮ʲôʱߣʵ 
ܿ죬Ҳǽ죮Ҽ΢֮󡣡 
ǹȻҪһģҸô죬Ҹѡ񣮣Ҳֻ֪Ǻ¡ 
΢Ըߣúôô˵ŵʱԵЩˡѾһ 
ǡһЩȻܵ󣬵ϣֻһˡӢĿһûš 
һֻһڶԺӢһ˵ 
˴˱˴ˡӢҲһļᶨ 
ҿ໥߽Щһ𣬾ͺֵһϧ 
ûҵĻҲǺܺõѰɣ 
Ҳȥת뿪һ뵽ӢҪ񣬾˻޲˲ʹ죮 
Ҹô죮Ĳ֪ˣ 
33 
Ҷһ죬ʵҲ㲻϶㡣ʹֻܴѡ˸ƫԶС԰ӣЩͻݲݣ棬졣ӦÿǺܶ飬ȴѾҵʲôҲ벻ˣֻľηӱȥʵ 
ͷʱҵ˽ŲûлͷҲ֪رô񣬹ϢҾ֪ǺӢ档 
΢ôܾá˵ҿ 
ַҵļͷҵһӲ 
΢йغ˵ϢѾõ 
˵⻰Ҹǽһʡ 
΢㻹ǰ𣿡 
ЩôʣӦʵǡ㰮ңȴҰһ£һǵͷʵҰҲȻͷһ㣬ѾƭԼˡ 
ǣûǲǰȡ֮һ̾Ϣ 
ҲˣΪ㰮ΪҰ㡣 
־ֻŵػͷſҲҪߣȴֹҡ 
һӣһƬ԰ӣŵҪģԶΪšԲҪ˵Ļ֪ˣԲѡˣѡ񣮣 
Ӣ棬Ҳ֪οڣܼᶨͬ͸¶ŰҵѶϢһñҡ 
΢Ȳ̸֮ǰܲһ 
ҪʲôҶ㡣ҵۿʼʪΪ˵߾Ҫʧǰ̲סֳס½ǡ 
ֻĸҡǵ𣿸뿪µǶһڿջҪұ㣮 
û뵽ᵽһĻǲΪǺ졣 
΢ҵʱ˵ֻҵİ΢ôڰ΢㣬ǲԸⱻұ 
˼ҵ˼֪ģֻǲȷԺ˼ɵǲǰȴûǲҲַʽ̽ңԸ⣬Ѿ̹Լ 
룬ֵСӢ森Ȼ棬ָ棬ƴͷ 
΢ܼҲЦ 
ұһȻƵ㵺оӢЩؽѹϣ§ڻС 
󻨲ĸоһ˲ЩܿΪҾϿȵϢϾ˼ôˡ 
һʼԱӢͻһļŵܿҹ壬Ĵһжԥһ£ֻסı 
΢΢һţЩҵظҵ壬м飬а⣬Ҳʹ 
Ӣ棬ҲҲϣߣѵͲһ᲻ѽ 
ûи˵ĻᣬǿӲǣһʼҵĸоŨŨʹģʹԣһɢ 
Ҫ 
֪뷨̫ŵ̫ܣƫƫԿصԼΪңҲǰ˵С 
½ҲֲĻҵġ֮Ҵѵʱǳԡ 
ԾʱʱأҴϢҵ˫ܸоĴΪּǶԵúס 
֣żΪȼŪңʱòļ鰮 
ӢӢ档Ѳǳ鰮ңЩ͵ض˶壬ʾҪһĽӴ 
ˣ̧ҵ˫ȡ 
ܸܵĻȣȴٳٵȲĽ 
෴ҴƿУʧ̬طЩƼе죮ͻȻа׹һΪѣˣûУĿʱһССĸԸܵ 
Ҽøʪ 
΢ͣͻȻ̧ҵĽš 
ҼΪǿ룬ҼΪǷݰʹĻȡ 
Բ𡣡ŴϢȻһҳСۣľκ˰ΧֻΪΪ 
ܸеڵжľͬʱ鷴µȼ 
һıָ⣬Ƥ⣬Ϊĳ̶൱ļ顣 
ţ 
ƣһеһУҾţԽصϢкҵڣԼҲһαˡ 
ССĴҾƣ۶ˡ漣ǣδٵ˯ȴŨˡ 
ҵıΪȥ 
һҪжమҲ뿪Ҳ뿪κˣֻһ𣬿ĵعǲǻ˽ҶҪ˵ 
˯УҸеӢҵһ˵Űҡ 
ʱһ䷿ϴŸɾ·ǺͺӢ滶ʱһס 
ˡ 
Ů 
ҪǺúչ㣬Ҫϴ˯һŮҡ 
вѵʱͻϣȫȻѣҹĵҵûҹﻹҵĺӢ档 
ûŮ´˲£žͳܡ 
΢磮Ǹʲôӭ 
أӢأż 
ˡ 
ʲôҵ˼̱ڵϡΪʲôҪߣ֪ҵѾİ΢ΪʲôҪߣҪߣ 
΢磬ôҹҺǰʱ·һܣǸӢʤˣҪúö㣬ֱ뿪ˣ΢磬㲻ǰͺӢ森 
˵ţҵĶнûҲ˵ʲô 
Һѹѹ޶޲ˣ 
Ӣˣƺһ꣬һ˲䣬֪ԼѾˡ 
һؽУɵķŵˡ 
ľʹͬʱҲ˵ĿгɢܵĽϣڶҶԣһ̶ֹģʽĹ̡ҪֻһҵΪΪˡ 
ҪҪüƵ 
Ҳк޷ܣҵΪӢӵйֻֻǽϵ˲䣬ֻܵʣһ롱ߵġ 
ҺǿնĺðģȥЩʲô˵ġ 
ӢߺҲŲϺԼж޴ӦðԼ벻κһʵ˵Ӧ˽һ鷢չ档ҵĺȻ̫ܶѳɶ־ûءֻβԼٱ˺Ӣ֮󣬼 
΢شĽ֪Ѵﵽ˶塣ϣһڻ֮΢΢˼£Ϣɿ˽˫ȵơ 
΢Ұ㡣ߣ֧ͷһֻ֣䱦Ƶظҵա 
ҶЦЦЩ⣬Щա 
ҿü𣬴ٲ֮ʣͻȻսüϢ 
ҲҲһҸɣ鲻Խϣ 
ܿɿңǿ޳һ㣬Ѿ˹ңҿԽҵκȴ޷֧㣬ңҸôô 
ҡͷǹǾҵԥʲô޼ˡ 
Һܳʱ䣬ӲҪλڹǸĺӡ 
ұۣܾõĳĬ֮̾Ϣ 
ʲô£ҿةĽҽʦʡ 
㣮㲣ΪҾıӻúܿġҽʦüҡ 
ǸҺ潵׻Щġһֱң᳣ü̵ػԼ޷йڱϡ 
ƽҽһᷴȴĬˣҿʼףҡ 
м£ȰȰȻԥƬ֮ͻȻ⡣ 
Ȱʲôʡ 
ģǰǰʺĴն֮սΪ¹һЩ󳼶ڹļЩ죬µĳвȶҪΪ¶ҡʵǲȰȰɱǴģɱɻʾͲ˰ɣҸطһɡ 
ûпڣڿӦӦð˵ʵҲԸΪɱԼף˶ЩĲ̡˼ˣҶϽҽʦεۣ˵ͷԿܲ˵ˡ 
ǾͺãǾͺáҽʦƺ˲˶һֱĲмֱ˺ܶǰҽε껹Ǻµū͵ҵĴߡ̵£ô࣬ҶЦǸеЩС 
ҹЩǿӲػһҾͬ¡ 
 
ҲΪЩûˣЩֱֱ˫Ŀңæʣôˣ 
Ҫɱ׵𣿡ҵӲʹԲĨǣֱӴ⡣ 
üһЩյң档ҵ˵˵ġ 
Ҳش𣬼˵֪˲ٿ࣬״ˣֺγƽľ˯ľ̹𣿻෴ҲϣΪ޶ѻҪɱ𣿡 
ԱۣǱҴ򶯣ǷŲĽᣬҲ֪ҺܾͲΪĸױ𣮣ģǣΪʲôͻȻ㲻ǴЩµ𣿡ǲ˵ȥ˸תƻ⡣ 
̾һ˾岻ɵʹ˱ӵһУòãΪҷĳޣвУҵĻһǿӲζ㻹ǲϣһʱ嶯ɱ˸ףպʹࡣΪ׵ġ 
ֺοң֪ҲΥԸ˵̾һЩʵر˯£ǲ̸ 
Ҳ֪ѽҵҪ 
Ϊ¾ʹ˹ȥʵϣŹ׵´ԺһֱˡϾĽᣬ֪ǱȻĹ̡ 
żѺݲĸ㵽ͷϣȡƵ˵ЩػȫȻΪҿ顣 
ͻȻ䣬ٵ⴦ 
ҵΪ˺Ӣ治ͻȻңҲòϣҺܼį˼һӲù 
벻ͨΪʲôҲŻƵزȥ 
¹ȥٿʵࡣ 
ԭԸĽҽʦ֮ҪҪףֻΪ֮룬ôġݵ˵ֻǲֺΪгĵλ˵ֹ𣬲ΪΪ˽ġ 
Էᷭˣҵ̫ȣҽܲ˵ǣĻΪҲΪǿӲֹɱԼĸסǲµ䡣 
ЩطοЩЩˡ 
һʼɺҲһֻһؾĽʵҲǲԣҶԺӢİʵǶıѣҶĸ飬ľ档 
ͻȻҿܲʧȥ˺Ӣ棬ҲǱʧȥʶһһʹ࣬ҡ˾ʹ˴ߵľġ 
35 
뿪ǽҽٶá 
ҺǸһòȻһСˣסˣıģλӣҲҲѲ˶һܻСгȡʽػ١ 
ҿһ⣬飬Ҹû˼ȥǺ 
кܶԱ֣дǲߣԸǹ١Σвһͨ췴ոսĳ͢˵ǺЧġҲʼˡ 
Ҿ֪һ죡΢ǲܺ뿪ģ㣬ΪԼ߰ɡ 
˵Ǹ߹ҵǰ 
ϾǶĹġҲΪʱսԽԽûߵĹϵһʱ嶯֮£ĵͷӦ뿪 
ҹĵϽҽʦΪ׼ĳʱͻȻһ꣬ҶɱȥʵʵڿһҵСӡ 
ҾˡҿʼڣȴѾ޷ڡ 
᲻ϵӿ˳ұͲ꣬ɢҹ£Ҳ˽ζɹҲ뿪ǣҵĴڱû塣 
ʬҽʦһЩСǮĿصĹ£ҷҵĽŶĳһ뿪ʱҾҦҽһסСĳɽ£ҼǵĻݣкӢ鴦Сݿնľͷӡ 
ԭһֵʱ⣬ΪԾߵ 
ЩһյģɽǶڵҶԹõɽ¡ 
гԭɽûеĶҳԾضվԭء 
ԭֻľͷӵСΣʯǣʵ塣 
ש߷ڰٻӳҲڣȷȷʵʵĲκˡ 
Ҳ֪˭סǰþҸжҪ 
ףԲҵסϣǻõʧ˵Ҹ 
ҳؿ˺ܾãȴṳ̂Ȼ԰߽Сݣѡת뿪 
Ҿ˵㱿ɣ𶼲ᣬ㻹ǻػʹһ֮й 
˰㣬ҲԹǸˮһƽζķˣŹԶ㣬Ȱ΢ 
 
Ϥҵ֡ҶסŲһ˲䣬ΪԼУһѲľ 
ҲתӻǰȴʯǽηҴ󲽳ȥ 
˲ʲƿƵš 
һͬʱתʱԭʢŭһӳίʹ֮࣬ȴǿϲ 
Ϊȿ޳ĻԼȴԶԶҼǿӲ 
һǱİһӦһ֮ΪʲǻҼֱġ 
΢ý˻һͬý˻˵ 
һʱ䣬ҷ·صԼտԶվһΣ˽һѷֲ˭˭ֻһġ 
찡ҵڷҵĿ춳쳹ӡȻҲ׵׷ʲᣬʱҳĸмҹݵĺ񰮣˵ķ˿Խάϵһĵߣʼδı仯ϲ 
ھҪҲԹ޻ˣԹ޻ҿ§ӰҲʧȥˣҪһ᲻أ 
뿪ᣬʹ֣ΨһάϵһȥǸ𣬵ǵȥϱС򣬿һԷ˵ϷޣǵĶȢŮˣԣȴݵ 
ֲ԰СݵӣҶ̫ϤûðɣðǱƵ㹻Ҿݲȥ 
ʧȥдڵ塣 
ΪԼȥѰȴδ͵ӣͻȻ˽ͷΣԶҵУһסڲᣬҼӢ͵û˵ȥʾ 
Ҳǲ㣬ǣÿÿ˼Ӣ񣬽Һ¡ҽʦĻҵ˿ӱĽڡ 
ǵҶȥҺ¼ˡһжú壬Ҳ鵽ֻʣǵ 
ʲʲңʲ᳼ʲᶼںԼȻ 
ңҪȥ㡣ûһеһУֻƽաʵҲҲʲӣֻƽһͬĺҸ 
ֻҾ̫硣ţѻλҳɫڱ߹صĸܵܣȻ뿪˻ʹҲҺ˽ȴȶҷȫѰ㣬һֱҲȻ˺ӢӡҾͬһ㡣 
ңҴҸ̫ȱЩʵС 
㡣ˣκһ㶼и顣ʲԹģˣԸԸӢ˵кĬ滻 
һһֱȥ 
һ仰УҼȻ첻֪ǵڼεˮ 
΢ޣ΢Ը𣿡Ӣȥҵᣬұ§ڻС 
ǰԡ 
ƴͷӦǵİ 
ǿ£˲ڻ֮䣬һҽ˫ۣͷһŵȥڴҸ졣 
ţһһˣֿ 
 
